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162
Audiology
9th Grade
04/06/2011

Additional Audiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acanthus capital
Definition
A design patterned after the leaves of one of these plants, used especially on the capitals of Corinthian columns.
Term

adlocutio pose


Definition
the pose that augustus of prima porta is doing in the sculpture. he is addressing the troops.
Term
amphitheater
Definition
An oval or round structure having tiers of seats rising gradually outward from a central open space or arena.
Term
arena
Definition
The area in the center of an ancient Roman amphitheater where contests and other spectacles were held
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
The way in which an illusion of space and depth is created through the technique of making forms in the background region with less contrast and softer edges.  Often in atmospheric perspective there exists a change from warmer hues to cool hues.  In general, warmer colors come forward, and cooler colors recede. 
Term
atrium
Definition
the open area in the center of an ancient roman house
Term

Augustus (Octavian)

Definition

Names of Julius Caesar

-first emperor of the roman empire

-born Gaius Octavius Thurinus(63-44 AD)

-the senate awarded him the name Augustus(44-27 AD)


Term
[image]
Definition

barrel vault

 

-the simplest form of vault(a single arch)

Term
Basilica
Definition

A public building of ancient rome having a central nave with an apse and two aisles formed by rows of columns.

 


Term
cavea
Definition
the semicircular, tiered seating area of an ancient roman theater.
Term
christogram
Definition
a combination of letters that forms an abbreviation of the name Jesus Christ, used as a Christian symbol
Term
compluvium
Definition
a space left unroofed over the court of a roman dwelling, thru which the rain fell
Term
corinthian order
Definition
the last greek order; similar to the ionic order except that the capital is decorated with carvings of acanthus leaves
Term
cuirass
Definition
a piece of armor that protects the breast and back
Term
damnatio memoriae
Definition

literally means "damnation of memory"/removal from remebrance. 

it was given to traitors by the roman senate

Term
engaged column
Definition
a column partially built into a wall & not freestanding
Term
equestrian statue
Definition
a statue depicting a rider on a horse
Term
exedra
Definition
a roman room with benches that is semicircular in plan. usually as a semicircular dome on top
Term
first style of pompeiian painting
Definition

-popular from 200-80 bce

-known as masonry style

-consisted of marble and the use of vivid color(symbolizing wealth) & patterns

 

Term
second style of pompeiian painting
Definition

-dominated 1 century bce

-known as the illusionism stage

-had architectural features & tricked the eye(2d that looked 3d)

-used relative perspective

Term
groin vault(cross vault)
Definition
a vault formed by the intersection of two or more barrel vaults
Term
hypogeum
Definition
an ancient underground burial chamber
Term
impluvium
Definition
a tank that existed in roman dwellings. it caught water from the compluvium & usually had works of art around the rim
Term
in hoc signo vinces
Definition

"in this sign you will conquer"

-Constantine adopted this phrase

-it was an early Christian symbol

Term
ionic column
Definition
column with spirals on the capital & a decorative base
Term
Julio-Claudians
Definition

-dynasty consisting of 5 roman emperors from 27BC-88AD

-consisted of augustus, tiberius, caligula, claudius, & nero

 

 

Term
meander
Definition
a winding curve in a river or road
Term
menorah
Definition
jewish candelabrum with seven branches used in ceremonies to symbolize the seven days of Creation
Term
mystery religions
Definition
a religion centered on mystical rites during the roman emperor
Term
oculus
Definition
a circuler window
Term
peristyle garden
Definition
a series of columns surround the garden
Term
pilaster
Definition
a rectangle column sticking out from the wall
Term
porphyry
Definition
a ground rock of crystals that is reddish in color
Term
pozzolana
Definition
volcanic ash used to produce cement
Term
tetrarchy
Definition
roman government where power was shared between 4 people.
Term
tufo
Definition
volcanic tuff...fascinating.
Term
tuscan doric
Definition
a simplified version of doric order in which it was a simpler base and no capital adornments
Term
velarium
Definition
a large roman awning used to cover a theater and protect it against weather
Term
veneer
Definition
thin layers of wood glued together
Term
voussoir
Definition
wedged shaped stones in top of arches
Term
winged victories
Definition
goddess of victory?!
Term
ambulatory
Definition
capable of walking
Term
apse
Definition
semicircular recess at the end of a church
Term
atrium
Definition
open area in the roman houses; skylit
Term
anastasis
Definition
a representation in Byzantine art of Christ harrowing hell
Term
catacomb
Definition
roman underground tunnel where bodies were buried
Term
[image]
Definition
central plan church
Term
[image]
Definition
Basilica plan church
Term
clerestory
Definition
the upper part of the nave containing windows
Term
cloisonne masonry
Definition
Characteristic and elaborate church masonry style of the Helladic school. Four-sided stones are framed by thin, red bricks, the plinths. 
Term
cubiculum
Definition
roman underground burial chamber found in catacombs
Term
Exodus
Definition
departure of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses
Term
[image]
Definition
Greek cross plan
Term
house-church
Definition
group meeting of Christians to worship in a house
Term
iconoclasm
Definition
deliberate destruction of religious icons for political purposes
Term
iconostasis
Definition
a wall of Christian icons separating nave from sanctuary; portable
Term
mandoria
Definition
type of enclosure in a painting surrounded by holy figures
Term
[image]
Definition
example of a mandoria
Term
narthex
Definition
a lobby separated from the nave by railing
Term
nave
Definition
the main body of the church
Term
necropolis
Definition
a cemetery belonging to an ancient city
Term
[image]
Definition

example of an orant pose

-hands are raised and stretched outward.

-typically a female pose

Term
[image]
Definition

example of pendentive

-A curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches

Term
putti
Definition
roman figure of a naked, winged, human baby.
Term
"seat of wisdom"
Definition
devotional title for "mother of god"
Term
spolia
Definition
reuse of other materials in art
Term
squinch
Definition
structure that carries the weight of the dome
Term
Theotokos
Definition
stands for "Mother of God"
Term
transept
Definition
part of church that crosses the nave at right angles(the cool upper part of the church)
Term
aniconism
Definition
belief in shunning depictions of divinities or religious figures in art
Term
caliph
Definition
leader of islamics/always male
Term
central plan mosque
Definition
a large dome covered interior space with elements that radiate from a central point
Term
circumambulate
Definition
movement around a sacred object
Term
firman
Definition
royal islamic decree
Term
5 pillars of islam
Definition

1) daily prayers

2) faith in muhammad

3)giving to the needy

4)self-purification thru fasting

5)pilgrimage to Makkah

Term
four-iwan mosque
Definition
Typical Iranian mosque plan. Features a vaulted rectangular recess opening onto a courtyard
Term
hypostyle mosque
Definition
features a large courtyard and low sanctuary supported by many columns
Term
iwan
Definition
vaulted hall with three sides covered and one side exposed
Term
Kaaba
Definition
cube shaped building in mecca & super freakin' intensely worshiped.
Term
keel arch
Definition
an arch with a point on top of it
Term
madrasa
Definition
a group of buildings used to teach islamic law
Term
maqsura
Definition
enclosure in a mosque used for protection during prayers
Term
mihrab
Definition
semicircular niche in mosque that indicated which way viewers should pray to mecca
Term
minaret
Definition
tall freestanding islamic poles by mosques
Term
minbar
Definition
pulpet in the mosque where the leader of prayer gives sermons
Term
muqarna
Definition
islamic system of niches used for decoration
Term
[image]
Definition
example of muqarna
Term
qibla wall
Definition
wall in a mosque that is often called a prayer wall. mihrab is in center
Term
tesserae
Definition
cubes of stone in a patterned mosaic.
Term
tugrah
Definition
calligraphic monogram
Term
vellum
Definition
mammal skin used for writing on
Term
[image]
Definition

ashokan pillar

-series of columns dispersed throughout india.

-only 19 survive today

Term
axis mundi
Definition
connection between heaven & earth
Term
bodhisattva
Definition
enlightened existence
Term
cholan dynasty
Definition
longest running hindu dynasty in india
Term
[image]
Definition

chaitya hall

 

-contains a stupa

-buddhism

-shows similarities to roman design of column and arch

Term
chakra
Definition
spots on the body that emote forces of energy
Term
dharma
Definition
hinduism: one's laws, duties, and responsibilities.
Term
garbhagriha
Definition
small, unlit shrine in a hindu temple
Term
jataka tales
Definition
literature of india concerning the birth of buddha
Term
lakshana
Definition
32 representations that mark the buddha
Term
mandala
Definition
sacred art that takes a circular form
Term
nirvana
Definition
pretty much means extinguishing sins.
Term
shikara
Definition
wooden boat
Term
stupa
Definition
moundlike structure containing buddhist relics
Term
shiva
Definition
a hindu deity: "the supreme god"/the "father"
Term
urna
Definition
circular dot placed on the head
Term
ushnisha
Definition
oval placed on top of buddha: symbolizes him as a spiritual guide
Term
visnu
Definition
same god as shiva
Term
north & south style hindu temples
Definition

north: beehive shaped tower & main body looks circular

south: pyramid shaped tower & looks more horizontal

Term
[image]
Definition

Augustus of Primaporta

 

-used to be called Octavian: switched to Augustus

-depicts Parthians returning to military standards

-framed by cosmic icons(earth, sky, sun, moon)

-Cupid and Dolphin used as support structure

-no shoes=divine status

-wearing a cuirass

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Ara Pacis Augustae(Altar of Augustan Peace)13-9bc

-east side relief: depiction of pax(peace)

-south side: imperial procession(could depict augustus & agrippa in the crowd)

 

Term
[image]
Definition

East side relief of Ara Pacis Augustae

-personifications of roma & pax

Term
[image]
Definition

South side relief of Ara Pacis Augustae

 

-Augustus and family members waiting in procession

Term
[image]
Definition

Peristyle Garden, House of the Vettii, Pompeii

 

-69-72 bce

-purchased by free slaves(master died & set them free)

-lares & genius

Term
[image]
Definition

Initiation of Rites of the Cult of Bacchus

Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii

 

-sense of depth: paintings of 3d stucco, marble, etc

-depicts initiation ceremony into cult of Dionysos

-mystery object used

Term
[image]
Definition

Garden Scene, Villa of Primaporta, Pompeii

 

-atmospheric perspective

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Paintings from the House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale

 

-refurnished over time, uses 2nd style paintings

-painted columns & landscapes

-linear perspective

Term
[image]
Definition

Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 CE

 

-triumphal arch(victorious ceremony for Jewish Wars 66-70 CE)

-erected after death of Titus

-inscription tells date of building and that Titus was voted to be a god

-spandrels(winged victories)

-inside of left arch= spoils panel: troops carrying menorah from solomon's temple

-inside of right arch: triumph panel: winged victory riding with slave & goddess in chariot(slave now becomes god)

Term
[image]
Definition

Flavian Amphitheater, 70-80 CE

 

-colosseum nickname comes from statue of colossos of nero

-engaged columns that mimic greek architecture(tuscan doric order) on first story

-ionic on second story

-corinthian on third story

-corinthian capitals on fourth story

 

-concrete used as core material/tuff/brick

-first stone amphitheater ever

-cavea: sloping seated area

arena: main action floor

hypogeum: area below arena

 

exterior has masts that shade the stadium.

the roman navy dealt with the ropes for the awning

velarium: shade tarps

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Column of Trajan, Rome

 

-imperial rome

-the base is the grave of trajan and wife plotina

-topped with bronze statue of st.peter(added later)

-has relief carvings of victory over dacians

-lower level has marching of the roman army & personification of danube river(man w/ beard rising out of water)

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Pantheon, 118-128 AD

 

-built during reign of Hadrian

-facade with columns and deep porch

-spherical dome area(used concrete mixed with stone)

-coffers- recessed panels

-oculus

-says "marcus agrippa made it"- linking hadrian to agrippa forevaaaaaaa

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Portrait of Septimius Severus & family

 

-severus claimed to be adopted son of martin aurelius

-made portraiture to appear like aurelius...alright, psycho.

-tempera on wood/attemped to shade

-sons caracalla and geta wearing crowns(face erased: damnatio memoriae)

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Tetrarchs, Venice<3, 300 CE

 

-made of porphyry: purple color reserved for upperclass

older&younger pair together to symbolize equality

-tetrarchy began after death of severus & ended after diocletian

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Colossal statue of Constantine

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Arch of Constantine

 

-reuses older monuments of Trajan, Hadrian, & Aurelius("good" emperors of rome)

-late antique style: less emphasis on non-central figures

-inscription on triumphal arch tells of liberation

Term
[image]
Definition

Painting of Menorahs & Ark of the Covenant, Rome

 

-used to be in Solomon's temple

-discovered in jewish catacomb

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Paintings from the house-synagogue at Dura-Europos, Syria

 

-multi-cultural city, several religions

-fresco paintings had biblical narrative/christian symbols

-baby moses panel: late antique style

-samuel anoints david panel: hierarchy of scale, david wearing purple coat

Term
[image]
Definition

Painting from baptistery of house-church in dura-europos

 

-shows good shepherd and adam and eve depictions

Term
[image]
Definition

Painted ceiling from catacomb of Saint Peter & Marcellinus

 

medallion: central focus, depicts good shepherd

lunette: secondary figural images

story of jonah: prefiguration of christ

orant- person in prayful stance

Term
[image]
Definition

Church of Santa Sabina, Rome

 

-basilican floor plan

-triumphal arch occupying the apse

-wooden door panels: scenes from old & new testament(ascension of elijah&crucifixion)

Term
[image]
Definition

Church of Santa Costanza, Rome

 

-mausoleum for daughter constantine

-ambulatory with mosaics: harvesting grapes/dionysus

-circular plan type church

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

 

-359 AD

-biblical relief pictures(combines old and new testament)

Term
[image]
Definition

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

 

-patrons: justinian & theodora

-architects: anthemius & isidorus

-converted to islamic mosque

-has a narthex, nave, apse, & aisles

-means "holy wisdom"

-central plan with a dome

-has pendentives & squinches

Term
[image]
Definition

Church of San Vitale, Ravenna

 

-central plan building, domed octagon

-colored marble w/ symmetrical pattern

-mosaic decoration in apse: depicts Christ, angels.

-*architecture was a votive offering

-mosaic of justinian: purple robes, halo: imperial & religious significance.

-mosaic of theodora: purple robe, halo, 3 wise men

Term
[image]
Definition

mosaic of theodora

 

 

in san vitale ravenna

Term
[image]
Definition

mosaic of justinian

 

 

in san vitale ravenna

Term
[image]
Definition

Virgin and child with saints and angels

 

 

-iconoclasm that was popular from 4th century and on in public and private locations

-this picture survived even though emperor leo banned it

-shows mary as the "seat of wisdom"

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Churches of Monastery of Hosios Loukas

 

-greece, 10-11 century

-contains church of theotokos & katholikon

-katholikon was a dome built with a squinch system on an octagon

-middle byzantine period

-has a fresco depicting pantokrator- Christ as ruler of all

Term
[image]
Definition

Mosaic from the Church of Dormition, Daphni, Greece

 

-shows Christ as pantokrator: ruler of all

-crucifixion with emphasis on frontal figures

-gold mosaic

-angry jesus with studded bible: adds to emotional power

-

Term
[image]
Definition

Virgin of Vladimir

 

moscow, 11th-12th century

-tempera on wood

-shows theotokos

-middle byzantine art

Term
[image]
Definition

Anastasis from the Funerary Chapel of Theodore Metochites

 

 

-image in narthex depicts Metochites offering a model of the church

Term
[image]
Definition

the kaaba at mecca

 

-circumbulation

Term
[image]
Definition

Dome of the Rock, Israel, 687-692 AD

 

-central plan building, octagon shaped

-shrine built around a rock

-cave underneath=well of souls

-geometric and floral mosaics on interior. no human figures

-calligraphy: quotes from Quran

-solomon built his temple here & herod had a second temple here. both destroyed.

-titus and mohammed taken from dome of the rock to the heaven

-shows part of jewish wall(wailing wall)

-outside is 7th century, inside is 16th century

-san vitale and santa costanza compare

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Mosque at Damascus 706-715

 

-hypostyle columns/sahm courtyard/minarets

-built over a Christian basilica/used roman walls

-has a mihrab that indicates the location of mecca on the qibla wall

-mosaics represent paradise/vegetation

-ummayad caliphs

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain

 

-mihrab NOT pointed directly at mecca

-in the middle is a medieval christian church

-christians turned it into a gothic church complex

-horseshoe arch entrance

-spolia: prayer hall from roman and visigoth architecture

-maqsura: area set aside for prayer for important people

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Mosque, Isfahan, Iran

 

-"the mosque is the house of every pious person"

-was eventually configured into a mihrab, and then the 4 iwan plan(chambers with arched opening).

-pointed arch with muqarnas(honeycomb indention)

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Mosque of the Sultan Selim, Edirne, Turkey

 

-ottoman mosque

-stands at the center of a medrese(islamic school)

-able to see the mihrab at any angle

Term
[image]
Definition

seal impressions from the indus valley

 

-sealstones: used to mark property

-depictions of animals, divinities, ancient scripts, yogi

Term
the mosaic mirhab
Definition

cursive and kufic script

geometric patterns mimic the design of muqarnas

Term

vedic period

 

Definition

1750-322 BCE

formation of 3 major religions

-buddhism(youngest)

-hinduism

-jainism

Term
[image]
Definition

Lion capital from sarnath

-maurya period

-type of chakra:abacus(circular symbol represents buddha)

-4 lions pointing in cardinal direction

-downturned lotus

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Stupa at Sanchi

 

-marks shrine over the remains of buddha

-chatra: 3 tiered umbrella shape

-harmika: square fence sanctioned for divinites

-verdika: stone fence at the base of the structure

-torana: entranceways

-mandala: diagram of the cosmos

-east torana has relief decorations relating to the life of buddha and a yakshi which is a carved figure

-axis mundi-axis of the world connection

Term
[image]
Definition

east torana

 

-reliefs of the buddah

-yakshi- nature divinity

-mandala: diagram of cosmos

 

Term
[image]
Definition

yakshi bracket figure

 

forms a bracket between capital and lowest crossbar

-carefree female figures

-on great stupa

Term
[image]
Definition

Chaitya Hall, Karle

 

-horseshoe opening

-three entrances

-barrel vault


Term
[image]
Definition

Standing Buddha, Gandhara, Pakistan

 

-kushan period

-ushnisha: hair knot

-lakshana: symbol that represents buddha

-monk's robe/urna(tuft between eyes)

Term
[image]
Definition

Buddha & Attendents

 

-the mathura school

-kushan period

-chakra-circular patterns on feet and hands

-mudra: hand position

 

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