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Art History 1 Exam 3
Roman Empire, Etruscans, Early Christian Art
150
Art History
Undergraduate 1
04/15/2010

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Cards

Term
Encaustic
Definition
Pigment is mixed with melted wax & applies to the surface while mixture is hot.  A Naturalistic & translucent effect
Term
Edict Of Milan 313 CE
Definition
established Christianity as a legal religion with equal or superior standing to the tradtional Roman cults.
Term
Groin vaults
Definition
(cross vault) formed at the point at which 2 barrel vaults intersect at right angles
Term
"denaturing"
Definition
a movement away from naturalism
Term
Etruscan tumulus tombs
Definition
mound tombs or "burial tombs"
Term
codex
Definition
a book essentially (a bound collection of vellum sheets)
Term
apotheosis
Definition
elevated to the rank of gods, or the ascent to heaven
Term
The Tetrarchy
Definition
type of Roman government that attempted to foster order by sharing power with potential rivals
Term
manuscript illumination
Definition
handwritten texts with bright colors
Term
barrel vault
Definition
(tunnel vault) a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space
Term
ambulatory
Definition
a covered walkway, usually circular in shape & located inside Christian churches
Term
orant figure
Definition
figure with both arms raised in the ancient gesture of prayer
Term
catacombs of rome
Definition
protected as a locus religious in times of persecution, many levels deep, & housed more than 4 million bodies.
Term
triumphal arch
Definition
Titus' triumph was awarded for his suppression of the Jewish Revolution in Judea
Term
tetramorphs
Definition

the 4 animal symbols of the Evalengelists

*Matthew: winged man

*Mark: winged lion

*Luke: winged ox

*John: Eagle

Term
apse
Definition
a recess, semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church
Term
nave
Definition
central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns
Term
pilaster
Definition
engaged columns that barely stick out from the wall
Term
insula
Definition
multistory apartment house made of brick-faced concrete
Term
forum
Definition
public square of an ancient Roman city
Term
Pax Romana
Definition
Age of Roman peace beginning in 23 BCE under Caesar Augustus & lasted about 200 years
Term
First Style Wall Painting
Definition

120-80 BCE and later

"masonry style"

imitation marble panels only....no spatial illusionism

Term
fourth style wall painting
Definition

"intricate style"

a combination of all 3 previous styles in some cases

Term
Second Style Wall Paintings
Definition

80-15 BCE and later

"architectural style"

dramatic illusionism, often of architectural vistas

Term
Third Style Wall Painting
Definition

15 BCE-40 CE and later

"ornate style"

favorite of Augustus & family

dramatic reduction of naturalism

extremely thin colonnettes

no great depth of space suggested

Term
atmospheric perspective
Definition
illusion of depth of space achieved by making distant objects appear fuzzy or bluish----dense atmosphere
Term
"intuitive" perspective
Definition
a disregard for having all of the orthogonals lead to a single vanishing point
Term
atrium
Definition
central reception room of a Roman house that is partly open to the sky
Term
pseudoperipteral
Definition
columns that are all around the building, looks like a peristyle, but are fake looking columns
Term
tufa stone
Definition
volcanic stone found in much of Italy, easy to carve, but has a rough appearance
Term
locus religiosus
Definition
protected religious space in Roman times
Term
Roman Concrete Use
Definition
Builders placed the mixture in wooden frames & left it to dry. When it hardened they would remove the molds, leaving behind a solid mass of great strength, with rough appearance
Term
Etruscan time periods
Definition

700-300 BCE

300-30 BCE

Term
Early Christian Art time periods
Definition

200-400 CE

400-600 CE

Term
Roman Empire time periods
Definition

300-30 BCE

30 BCE-200 CE

200-400 CE

Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Etruscans 700-300 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Republic 300-30 BCE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
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Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE- 200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 30 BCE-200 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Roman Empire 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 200-400 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 400-600 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 400-600 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 400-600 CE
Term
[image]
Definition
Early Christian 400-600 CE
Term
antefix
Definition
an upright ornament along the eaves of a tiled roof designed to conceal the joints between the rows of tiles
Term
The Chimera
Definition
a hybrid monster from Greek mythology . Seeing one is said to be a bad omen. Killed by Bellerophon
Term
Chalchas
Definition
an auger/prophet of the Trojan War. Practiced divination or augury
Term
cista
Definition
a storage vessel for women's grooming items in Etruscan times, usually buried with such items inside.
Term
Hyphos
Definition
God of sleep
Term
Thanatos
Definition
greek god of death
Term
Lucius Junius Brutus
Definition
one of the founders of the Roman Republic. Helped overthrow the last Etruscan king in Rome in 509 BCE
Term
the arch
Definition
used countless times before the Romans, but often below ground
Term
eclectic
Definition
utilizing a number of diverse sources
Term
patricians
Definition
the elite, freeborn landowners
Term
Patrilineal
Definition
succession from father to eldest son
Term
Primogeniture
Definition
the eldest son
Term
Pliny the Younger
Definition
the only reliable surviving witness, his letter recounts the death of his uncle, Pliny the Elder
Term
basilica
Definition
a place to do business, public building for legal and civic proceedings
Term
velarium
Definition
giant canopy
Term
perspective
Definition
any system used to imitate the three dimensional world on a two dimensional surface
Term
Mystery Cult
Definition
violated a Roman citizens obligation to worship only the Roman gods
Term
Pontifex Maximus
Definition
the highest priest of the Roman state religion
Term
The Ara Pacis- the Altar of Augustan Peace
Definition
the temporary wooden altar of 13 BCE was replaced by a permanent marble one, built 13-9 BCE
Term
Caligula
Definition

Tiberius grandson by adoption

a legendary unstable emperor

killed by his own guards after 4 years

Term
Claudius
Definition

Caligula's uncle

much more stable ruler by comparison

 

Term
Nero
Definition

a poor violinist who thought he was supremely gifted

"what an artist dies in me"

Term
damnatio memoriae
Definition
essentially a revoking of an Emperor's apotheosis or a posthumous impeachment
Term
Nero's Golden House
Definition

created on land conveniently wiped clean by the fire of 64

"good, now I can at last begin to live like a human being"

Term
Vespasian last words
Definition
"oh my, it seems as if I am becoming a god"
Term
Flavians
Definition

Vespasian

Titus

Domitian

Term
S.P.Q.R.
Definition
"By the will of the senate and the people of rome"
Term
menorah
Definition
7 branched oil lamp of Judaism
Term
coffer
Definition
squares that are highly decorated under an arch
Term
The five "Good Emperors"
Definition

Nerva

Trajan

Hadrian

Antoninus Pius

Marcus Aurelius

Term
Trajan
Definition

the first non-Italian emperor, born in Spain of the Ulpius family

*a skilled military leader who increased the borders of the Empire

Term
Trajan's Dacian War
Definition
when conquered, the added territory of Dacia marks the largest extent of the Roman Empire (in total square miles)
Term
Sabina
Definition

wife of Hadrian (as arranged)

no children, not much happiness

Term
Antinous
Definition

discovered by Hadrian during one of his trips to Greece.

drowned mysteriously in the Nile River

temples were build for him

Term
The Pantheon
Definition
a temple to All of the gods in the Roman state religion
Term
Marcus Aurelius
Definition

last of the "good emperors"

a stoic philosopher

still endorsed the persecution of Christians in his time

Term
patina
Definition
the surface of a metal cast structure, which can be manipulated via different chemical compounds in the casting process.
Term
Commodus
Definition
Aurelius's mentally ill son, who believed he was the reincarnation of Hercules. his reign usually marks the beginning of the end of the Roman Empire
Term
Caelus
Definition
Roman god of the sky
Term
transept
Definition
found on the north and south side; offers more space
Term
Galla Placidia
Definition

daughter of an emperor, half sister to 2 other emperors.

abducted by the Visigoths in 410, one whom (Prince Athault) she soon married and had a child by. eventually banished from Ravenna for too much PDA with her brother

Term
vellum
Definition
stretched & prepared animal skin that is used for the pages
Term
Diocletian
Definition
organized the last scale persecution of Christians in 303 CE. 
Term
spolia
Definition
looted or appropriate items
Term
cubiculum
Definition
in the catacombs a small room that usually contained the bones of an important person
Term
lunette
Definition
"half moon"....the semicircular shape created by a barrel vault meeting an end wall
Term
prefiguration
Definition
a depiction of Old Testament people & events as prophets
Term
ketos
Definition
"big fish" or "sea dragon" in the Bible as translated
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