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Art History 101 Midterm
Paintings and Terms
112
Art History
Undergraduate 2
10/20/2011

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Cards

Term
[image]
Definition
Christo & Jeanne-Claude, The Gates at Central Park, 2005. Contemporary sculpture, installation
Term
[image]
Definition
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, 1997, Deconstructivist architecture
Term
[image]
Definition
Congo Culture, Magical Figure (nkisi nkonde), c. early 19th century, African art
Term
[image]
Definition
Jan Van Eyck, God from Ghent Altarpiece, 1432. Renaissance
Term
[image]
Definition
Jasper Johns, Three Flags, 1958, Pop art
Term
[image]
Definition
Rene Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1929, Surrealism
Term
[image]
Definition
Edouard Manet, Le Dejenuner Sur L'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863, Realism, early modern
Term
[image]
Definition
Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784-1785, Neoclassical
Term
[image]
Definition
Chris Ofili, Holy Virgin Mary, 1996, Contemporary art
Term
[image]
Definition
Andre Serrano, Piss Christ, 1987, Photography
Term
[image]
Definition
Raphaelle Peale, Still Life with Strawberries, 1822, Still life
Term
[image]
Definition
Paul Cezanne, Still Life with Basket of Apples, 1890-1894, Still life, impressionism
Term
[image]
Definition
Sesshu Toyo, Haboku Landscape for Soen, 1495, Japanese art
Term
[image]
Definition
Similar to: Xu Wei, Sixteen Flowers and Poem, detail,  c. 1580-1593, Chinese art
Term
[image]
Definition
Matthew Ritchie, No Sign of the World, 2004, Contemporary art
Term
[image]
Definition
Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm, 1950, Abstract expressionism
Term
[image]
Definition
Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, Expressionism
Term
[image]
Definition
Fransisco de Goya, Los Fusilamientos del Tres de Mayo (Third of May, 1808), 1814, Spanish romanticism 
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495-1498, Renaissance
Term
[image]
Definition
Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937, cubism
Term
[image]
Definition
Gustave Caillebotte, Paris, A Rainy Day, 1877, Modern art
Term
[image]
Definition
J.M. Turner, Burning of the Houses of Lord and Commons, 1835, English romanticism
Term
[image]
Definition
Edward Munch, The Scream, 1893, Expressionism
Term
[image]
Definition
Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas, 1656, Spanish renaissance 
Term
Roles of Artists
Definition

-See the world in new ways

-Record reality and history

-Everyday objects made beautiful or meaningful

-Give form to immaterial ideas and feelings

Term
Active Seeing
Definition
Many filters influence how we perceive and understand art; the viewer is always an active participant in the construction of the meaning in art
Term
Animism
Definition
The belief in the existence of souls and the conviction that things can have a soul
Term
Visual Literacy
Definition
The ability to recognize why you like an artwork, how it communicates to you
Term
Subject Matter
Definition
What the image literally depicts
Term
Iconoclasts
Definition
Image breakers who sought to destroy religious images because in the Ten Commandments, it states, "Thou shalt not make any graven image or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above...."
Term
Represenational Art
Definition
Portrays natural objects in recognizable form (realism)
Term
Nonrepresentational Art
Definition
Does not refer to the natural (abstraction)
Term
Naturalism
Definition
Brand of representation in which the artist retains apparently realistic elements
Term
Composition
Definition
The organization of the formal elements in a work of art
Term
Form
Definition
Overall structure of a work of art
Term
Content
Definition
What the work of art expresses or means
Term
Iconography
Definition
System of visual images the meaning of which is widely understood by a given culture
Term
Symbols
Definition
Visual images that represent something more than their literal meaning
Term
Iconography
Definition
The study of icons - image
Term
Line
Definition
Posess direction, can divide or connect, thick or thin, long or short, smooth or agitated, reflects movement
Term
Implied Line
Definition
Function of line of sight, the direction the figures in a given composition are looking
Term
Shape
Definition
A flat, two-dimensional area; it's boundaries can be measured in height/width
Term
Mass
Definition
A solid form that occupies a three-dimensional volume; height, width, depth; density, weight
Term
Negative Space
Definition
Background
Term
Positive Space
Definition
Figure on the background
Term
Illusion
Definition
A way for artists to make it seem like there is depth on a flat paper
Term
One Point Linear Perspective
Definition
Lines are drawn on the plane to represent parallel lines receding to a single point on the viewers' horizon called the vanishing point
Term
Vanishing Point
Definition
Where all lines meet in a painting
Term
Vantage Point
Definition
Where the viewer is positioned
Term
Frontal Recession
Definition
When the vanishing point is directly in front of the vantage point
Term
Diagonal Recession
Definition
Vanishing point is to one side of the vantage point
Term
Two Point Linear Perspective
Definition
Two vanishing points;a more dynamic artwork results
Term
Balance
Definition
Even distribution of weight in a composition
Term
Actual Weight
Definition
Physical weight (pounds)
Term
Visual Weight
Definition
Apparent "heaviness" or "lightness" of the shapes/forms of a composition
Term
Symmetrical
Definition
Mirror reflection across the center
Term
Absolute Symmetry
Definition
Exactly the same
Term
Bilateral Symmetry
Definition
Minor differences, but the sides are mostly the same
Term
Asymmetrically Balanced
Definition
Sides lack symmetry, but appear to have the same visual weight
Term
Radial Balance
Definition
Everything radiates outward from a central point
Term
Focal Point
Definition
Employs emphasis to draw the viewer's attention to one area of the work
Term
Scale
Definition
Dimensions of an art's objects in relation to the original object that it depicts or in relation to objects around it
Term
Proportion
Definition
Relationship between parts of an object and the whole or to its surroundings
Term
Canon
Definition
Perfect proportions of the human body
Term
Golden Section
Definition
Perfect mathematical proportion
Term
Repetition
Definition
Monotony, repeating
Term
Rhythm
Definition
Repetition
Term
Postmodernism
Definition
Sense that parts can never form a unified whole
Term
La Pittura
Definition
The personification of painting
Term
Medium; Binder
Definition
Holds the particles of pigments together; protects the pigments and serves as an adhesive to the surface
Term
Imitation
Definition
Imitating objects
Term
Support
Definition
Surface on which the painter paints
Term
Opaque
Definition
Can not be seen through
Term
Prime
Definition
Pre-treat
Term
Ground
Definition
Make the support surface smoother/more uniform in texture. Many grounds increase the brightness of the painting
Term
Solvent; Vehicle
Definition
Thinner that enables the paint to flow more readily and that also cleans brushes
Term
Encaustic
Definition
Combining pigment with a binder of hot wax
Term
Fresco
Definition
Pigment is mixed with limewater then applied to a lime plaster wall that is either still wet (buon fresco) or dry (fresco secco)
Term
Giornata
Definition
"Day's work" sections in a fresco painting
Term
Tempura
Definition
Medium made by combining water, pigment, gummy material (usually egg yolk) and applied with a fine red sable brush - Colors could not be readily blended
Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
Careful, gradual hatching
Term
Gesso
Definition
Most common ground for tempura; fully absorbent; creates a durable and softly glowing surface
Term
Connotation
Definition
Meaning behind a painting
Term
Denotation
Definition
What the painting portrays
Term
Didacticism
Definition
Art's ability to teach, to elevate the mind
Term
Oil Paint
Definition
Far more versatile; can be blended on the painting surface to create a continuous scale of tones and hues; becomes more realistic and 3-D
Term
Vanitas
Definition
Still-life paintings; reminds of the vanity of human life
Term
Watercolor
Definition
Water-based paint; most expressive
Term
Gouache
Definition
Water color mixed with Chinese white chalk
Term
Acrylic
Definition
Resins, materials used to make plastic, mixed with turpentine
Term
Mixed Media
Definition
Combining different mediums
Term
Collage
Definition
Process of pasting or gluing fragments of printed matter, fabric, natural material onto 2-D surface
Term
Combine Painting
Definition
High-relief painting
Term
Subtractive Process
Definition
Artis begins with material of larger product than the finished product and removes material
Term
Additive Process
Definition
Artist builds the work, adding to the piece
Term
Relief Sculpture
Definition
Seen from only one side
Term
Low Relief
Definition
Extends from the plane behind it less than 180 degrees
Term
High Relief
Definition
Projects forward from their base by at least half their depth
Term
In-The-Round Sculpture
Definition
Demands movement, seen from all sides; must move around it
Term
Environment
Definition
Sculptural space which you can enter
Term
Installation
Definition
Indoor environment
Term
Earthwork
Definition
Outdoor environment
Term
Contrapposto
Definition
Counter-balance position; weight falls on one foot, opposite hip rises
Term
Ceramics
Definition
Clay work fired in a kiln
Term
Casting
Definition
Employs a mold into which some molten material is poured and allowed to harden
Term
Investment
Definition
Mixture of water/plaster/powder made from ground pottery
Term
Replacement Process
Definition
Casting where bronze replaces wax
Term
Patina
Definition
Chemical compound applied to bronze that forms a film of encrustation on the surface after exposure to the elements
Term
Assemblage
Definition
Process of bringing individual objects or pieces to form a larger whole
Term
Happenings
Definition
Assemblages of events performed or perceived in more than one time/piece...A Happening is are but seems closer to life
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