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Art H 112
Exam 1
72
Art History
Undergraduate 1
02/06/2011

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

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Term
[image]
Definition
Cimabue Madonna Enthroned, c. 1280-1290. Tempera on panel. Relationship between Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. For altar in Santa Trinita in Florence. Hebrew Bible prophets reading scrolls at bottom, on the formation of the foundation of Madonna's throne.
Term
[image]
Definition
Giotto, The Lamentation, c. 1305-1306. Fresco Arena Chapel. John's eyes full of grief. Moment of last farewell between Jesus and his mother and friends. Low center of gravity. Tragic mood.
Term
[image]
Definition
Giotto, Interior of the Arena Chapel in Padua, c. 1305-1306. Fresco. Blue field with gold stars represents heaven. Walls are divided into three registers, or rows. Each register contains narrative scenes representing the lives of the Virgin and Jesus. Donor-Scrovengi. Scrovengi is included.
Term
[image]
Definition
Giotto, Madonna Enthroned, c. 1310. For church of All Saints in Florence. Unlike Cimabue, models his figures in light, so that they appear to be solid, sculptural forms. Gradual movement from light into dark, figures appear to be three dimensional.
Term
[image]
Definition
Duccio, Madonna Enthroned, c. 1308-1311. Tempera. Polyptych. Undulating softness. Gothic.
Term
[image]
Definition
Robert Campin and workshop, Merode Triptych, c. 1425-1430. Most famous work of Campin. Annunciation. Virgin and angel Gabriel in central panel. Oil based. Coat of arms of patrons in the window.  Figure of baby Jesus flying in. Donors in left panel. Right panel depicts Joseph making a mousetrap.
Term
[image]
Definition
Jan van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban, c. 1433. Oil on panel. May be a self portrait due to the slight strain about the eyes like looking in a mirror.  Inscription reads "As best I can."
Term
[image]
Definition
Hubert and Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (closed at left, open at right) c. 1432. Oil on panel. Triptych. Some panels unfinished by Hubert, completed, and added some of his own. Donor- Jodicus Vijd. Portrait of donor and wife on outer panel when closed. John the baptist and John the Evangelist painted in grisaille.
Term
[image]
Definition
Jan van Eyck, The "Arnolfini Portrait," c. 1434. Man raising right hand in gesture of an oath. Reflection of two men in mirror. Signature right above mirror suggests one of these men might be van Eyck. Suggested that image represents marriage or engagement. Women lifting dress suggests wish for children. Dog represents fidelity. Oranges show wealth. Passion of Christ around mirror.
Term
[image]
Definition
Rogier van der Weyden, St. Luke Drawing the Virgin, c. 1435-1440. Influence of Campin. Deep landscape that moves into the distance. Madonna appeared miraculously for Luke to draw. Depicts Luke drawing the virgin in silverpoint. Oil and tempera on panel.
Term
[image]
Definition
Rogier van der Weyden. Descent from the Cross, c. 1435. Oil on panel. The crossbowmens guild of Louvain commissioned. Emphasizes emotional impact of the scene. Focuses a viewer's attention on the foreground.
Term
[image]
Definition
Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights (closed at left, open at right) c. 1480-1515. Oil on panel. Patron included the duke of Burgundy. Triptych. Continuous landscape unites three sections. Left hand side is Garden of Eden. Left hand side is Hell. When closed, crystal globe with image of the Earth emerging from the waters with God watching. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Nicola Pisano, Fortitude, c. 1259-1260. Hercules or Biblical hero Daniel Example of typology. Stance is probably the product of study of Roman and Early Christian sculpture.
Term
[image]
Definition
Andrea Pisano, south doors of the Florence baptistery, c. 1330-1336. 28 separate panels. Scenes from the life of John the Baptist. Framed by Gothic quatrefoil. Example of relief. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Nicola Pisano, Nativity c. 1259-1260. Combines annunciation with Birth of Christ. Example of relief. Virgin overpowers all other elements in the composition. Midwives washing the child and Joseph's wandering gaze at the events give the relief a human touch. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Andrea Pisano, The Baptism of Christ, from the south doors of the Florence baptistery, c. 1330-1336. Christ stands in middle framed by John on the right in the act of baptism and an angelic women on the left. Dove symbolizes the Holy Spirit above Christ's head. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello, St. Mark, c. 1411-1413. St. Mark is patron. Large hands grasp his Gospel. Example of contrapposto. Drapery falls in deep folds to reveal and emphasize his posture.  
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello, The Feast of Herod, c. 1425. Relief represents the story of John the Baptist's martyrdom. Salome requests head of the saint in return for a seductive dance. Center is empty to add to the impact of the shocking sight. Uses linear perspective. Continuous narrative.
Term
[image]
Definition
Donatello, David, c. 1420s-1460s. Medici is patron. Lost-wax method of casting.  Contrapposto. Standing on Goliath. Holding stone he killed Goliath with. Depicts David as young boy. Weilds Goliath's sword, which is too big for him. Can be viewed as an erotic sculpture with wing from Goliath's helmet and toes in hair.
Term
[image]
Definition
Ghiberti, The Sacrifice of Isaac, c. 1401-1403. Relief. Narrative details in the margin with focal point at the center. Isaac seems to accept his fate and does not struggle.
Term
[image]
Definition
Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise, east doors of the Florence baptistery, c. 1425-1452. Commissioned by Guild of Wool Merchants. Scenes from the Hebrew Bible. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Gentile de Fabriano, Adoration of the Magi, c. 1423. Tempera on panel. commissioned by Palla Strozzi. The visit of the Magi to Bethlehem to acknowledge the newborn Jesus as king. Many episodes of the narrative appear in center panel. Kings represent youth, middle age, and old age. Uses light as a carrier of meaning.
Term
[image]
Definition
Ghiberti, The Story of Jacob and Esau from the Gates of Paradise, east doors of the Florence baptistery, c. 1435.Tells story of Isaac mistakingly blessing his son, Jacob, instead of the elder, Esau. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Masaccio, The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John, and Two Donors, c. 1425. Fresco. Commissioned by the Lenzi family. Lowest section has a skeleton laying in an sarcophagus. Inscription reads "What I once was, you are; what I am, you will become." Use of perspective gives the viewer all the data needed to measure the depth of this painting. The framework is "life size." Triangular composition to add to theme of trinity.
Term
[image]
Definition

Masaccio, The Tribute Money, c. 1425. Fresco. Depicts story told in the Gospel of Matthew as a continuous narrative. Christ tells Peter to catch a fish whose mouth contains money for tax collector. On left, Peter takes the money from the fish and on the right he gives it to the tax collector. Uses atmospheric prespective. 

 

Term
[image]
Definition
Uccello, Battle of San Romano, c. 1438. Leonardo Bartolini Salimbeni commissioned. One of three panels depicting a battle between Florence and Lucca in 1432. Florence got victory. Seems to depict a ceremony rather than a war. Tempera on panel. Weapons on ground form the orthogonals that also neatly contains a fallen soldier all going towards a vanishing point.
Term
[image]
Definition
Masaccio, The Expulsion from Paradise, c. 1425. Shows the human body in motion. Fresco. The gate of Paradise barely shown. Convey a sense of endless space. Adam and Eve are striking representations of the beauty and power of the nude human form.
Term
[image]
Definition
Botticelli, Primavera, c. 1482. Tempera on panel. Believed to be commissioned for a cousin for the man's wedding. Depicts Venus in her sacred grove, with Eros flying overhead. The Three Graces and Hermes stand on the left. Zephyr stands to the right reaching for Chloris, whom he transforms into Flora. Flora embodies fertility. May be a celebration of marriage.
Term
[image]
Definition
Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, c. 1485. Tempera on panel. Central figure is Venus. Unlike Primavera, space behind the figures seem to open out into the distance. Effect of low relief. Bodies seem to be drained of all weight, so that they float.
Term
[image]
Definition
Piero della Francesca, Double Portrait, c. 1474. Oil and Tempera on panel. Demonstrates Piero's mastery of spatial representation and clarity of form by using textures made possible by oil painting. Diptych. Shows good side of duke whose face was damaged in a tournament. Gives wife place of honor on left. Background on left has a shade when right side is brighter. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Piero della Francesca, Resurrection, c. 1463. Fresco. Figure of Christ dominates the composition. Triangular composition may be influenced by trinity. Dead trees on left and live ones on right adds to the theme of resurrection. Jesus over soldiers to show his victory over death. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Mantegna, Camera Picta, c. 1465-1474. Entire painted room. Portraits of Gonzaga family on walls along with their children and their possessions. Used actual architecture of the room to create an illusionistic glimpse of the Gonzaga family at home. On ceiling, spectator sees the sky where small boys climb over the fences. Fresco.
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo de Vinci, The Virgin of the Rocks, c. 1485. Oil on panel transferred to canvas. Painted for a confraternity dedicated to the Immaculate Conception. St. John is adoring Jesus in the presence of the Virgin. Virgin is the link between Jesus and the young baptist. Mysterious setting. Use of sfumato. Figures arranged in form of a pyramid. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo de Vinci, Vitruvian Man, c. 1487. Pen and ink. Visualizes Vitruvius' notion that the human body may be used to derive the perfect geometrical forms of the circle and the square. 
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, c. 1495-1498. Tempera wall mural. Commissioned by Duke Ludovico. Central vanishing point is directly behind the head of Jesus. Opening behind Jesus' head is the architectural equivalent to a halo. Leonardo lets natural light enframe Jesus. Everyone reveals their personality and their own relationship to Jesus. On the right, Peter grasps a knife, John seems lost in thought, and Judas recoils from Jesus into shadow.
Term
[image]
Definition
Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, c. 1503-1505. Oil on panel. Women depicted in three quarter pose against landscape background. Depicts her in simple garments without jewels to concentrate on her features. Represents her at half length so that her hands are shown. Forms a stable pyramid. Sfumato background.
Term
Tempera
Definition
Medium for painting in which pigments are suspended in egg yolk tempered with water or chemicals; this mixture dries quickly, reducing the possibility of changes in the finished painting.
Term
Fresco
Definition
Italian word for "fresh." Fresco is the technique of painting on plaster with pigments ground in water so that the paint is absorbed by the plaster and becomes part of the wall itself.
Term
Triptych
Definition
An altarpiece or devotional picture, either carved or painted, with one central panel and two hinged wings. Example- The Garden of Earthly Delights
Term
Polyptych
Definition
An altarpiece or devotional work of art made of several panels joined together, often hinged.
Term
Relief (sculptural)
Definition
Flat, but parts come out at you and recede back. High-stands out a lot. Low-more subtle change.
Term
Oil Paint
Definition
Dries slowly so you can paint over. Oil based, more consistent medium.
Term
Contrapposto
Definition
Italian word for "set against." A composition developed by the Greeks to represent movement in a figure. Standing in a relaxed position on one leg. Example- Donatello's David
Term
Grisaille
Definition
A monochrome drawing or painting in which only values of black, gray, and white are used.
Term
Typology
Definition
The matching or painting of pre-Christian figures, persons, and symbols with their Christian counterparts. Example- sacrifice of Isaacs compared to sacrifice of Jesus.
Term
Renaissance
Definition
Literally, rebirth. During the 14th and 15th centuries, Italian writers, artists, and intellectuals aimed to revive the arts of the ancient world.
Term
Foreshortening
Definition
A method of reducing or distorting the parts of a represented object that are not parallel to the picture plane in order to convey the impression of three dimensions as perceived by the human eye. Example- The Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin
Term
Orthogonals
Definition
In a perspective construction, an imagined line in a painting that runs perpendicular to the picture plane and recedes to a vanishing point.
Term
Vanishing Point
Definition
The point at which the orthogonals meet and disappear in a composition done with scientific perspective.
Term
Transversal
Definition
In a perspective construction, transversals are the lines parallel to the picture plane (horizontally) that denote distances. They intersect orthogonals to make a grid that guides the arrangement of elements to suggest space.
Term
Atmospheric Perspective
Definition
Creates the illusion of depth by reducing the local color and clarity of objects in the distance, to imply a layer of atmosphere between the viewer and horizon.
Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
Italian word for for "light and dark." In painting, a method of modeling form primarily by the use of light and shade. Example- Mona Lisa.
Term
Sfumato
Definition
Italian word meaning "smoky." Used to describe very delicate gradations of light and shade in the modeling of figures. It is applied especially to the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Example- Mona Lisa.
Term
Madonna Enthroned c. 1280-1290
Definition
Cimabue
Term

The Lamentation, c. 1305-1306

Interior of the Arena Chapel, c. 1305-1306

Madonna Enthroned, c. 1310

Definition
Giotto
Term

Madonna Enthroned, c. 1308-1311

 

Definition
Duccio
Term
Ghent Altarpiece, c. 1432
Definition
Hubert and Jan van Eyck
Term
Merode Triptych, c. 1425-1430
Definition
Robert Campin and workshop
Term

Man in a Red Turban, c. 1433

The "Arnolfini Portrait," c. 1434

Definition
Jan van Eyck
Term

St. Luke Drawing the Virgin, c. 1435-1440

Descent from the Cross, c. 1435

Definition
Rogier van der Weyden
Term
The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1480-1515
Definition
Bosch
Term

Fortitude, c. 1259-1260

Nativity, c. 1259-1260

Definition
Nicola Pisano
Term

The Baptism of Christ, c. 1330-1336

south doors of the Florence baptistery, c. 1330-1336

Definition
Andrea Pisano
Term

St. Mark, c. 1411-1413

The Feast of Herod, c. 1425

David, c. 1420s-1460s

Definition
Donatello
Term

The Sacrifice of Isaac,c. 1401-1403

The Story of Jacob and Esau from the gates of Paradise, c. 1435

Gates of Paradise, c. 1425-1452

 

Definition
Ghiberti
Term
Adoration of the Magi, c. 1423
Definition
Gentile da Fabriano, c. 1423
Term

The Holy Trinity with the Virgin, St. John, and Two Donors, c. 1425

The Expulsion from Paradise, c. 1425

The Tribute Money, c. 1425

Definition
Masaccio
Term
Battle of San Romano, c. 1438
Definition
Uccello
Term

Double Portrait, c. 1474

Resurrection, c. 1463

Definition
Pierro della Francesca
Term
Camera Picta, c. 1465-1474
Definition
Mantegna
Term

The Virgin of the Rocks, c. 1485

Vitruvian Man, c. 1487

Mona Lisa, c. 1503-1505

The Last Supper, c. 1495-1498

Definition
Leonardo da Vinci
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