Explain how a camera works, making sure to describe the shutter, lens, and aperture.

How has digital imagery influenced photography? What are the various directions in which photography is headed today?

Citing examples discuss the development of motion picture photography.

The method of photography that first allowed families in the U.S. and Europe to collect photos of themselves was:

The earliest form of a camera, consisting of a large dark chamber with a lens opening through which an image is projected onto the opposite surface in its natural colors, is called a:

The __________ of a camera controls the amount of light entering the camera.

Exposed and developed print film is referred to as a

_______________ was an early crusader for photography in his/her Gallery 291.

__________________ is credited with introducing the concept of the photo essay.

_______________ used photographs to increase public awareness of the beauty of nature in his/her photos of national parks.

_______________ invented the Polaroid camera.

The light sensitive coating on film is called the ______________.

Compare and contrast Berman's Untitled with Sheridan's Flowers. How does process influence their imaging?

Discuss Muybridge's and H.G. Wells' contributions to the development of motion picture photography.

Discuss the contributions of Griffith and Eisenstein in the development of motion picture photography.

Le boulevard du Temple

By Louis Jacques Mande' Daguerre

first picture with a person in it, because it took so long to capture an image

Compare and contrast the Crystal Palace with the Eiffel Tower.

Citing examples, what are the strengths and weaknesses of post and lintel construction?

The development of the arch enabled builders to develop many other building forms. What are they? Citing examples discuss these developments.

Citing examples, discuss the engineering developments of the Romans.

Zaha Hadid has been described as a Deconstructionist architect. Citing examples discuss why has she been described in this way.

What is the aim of environmental design? What are the different aspects of environmental design? Discuss how environmental design might be used to improve your community.

Wainwright Building

The pilasters soar upward from above the base to the cornice. Still, the ornament of the recessed spandrels gives a sense of horizontality, suggesting the floors of the building.

Compare and contrast Renoir's The Luncheon of the Boating Party with Degas' The Ballet Class.

Compare and contrast Cézanne's Self - Portrait with Gauguin's Portrait of the Artist.

Why do art historians say that modern art began with the French Revolution? Make sure to mention the influence of Jacques-Louis David.

What was the Hudson River School? Citing examples discuss the goals of the Hudson River painters.

Discuss the significance of Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.

What events came together during the Age of Reason that led to the demise of traditional patronage?

Citing examples explain what the goals of Neoclassical artists were.

Goya's painting The Third of May, 1808 is considered to be one of the finest examples of Romantic art. Why? Make sure to discuss what the subject matter of the composition is.

Rosa Bonheur is regarded as one of the great women artists. What events would shape her career to succeed as an artist?

Angelica Kauffmann

cornelia, pointing to her children as her treasures

Thomas Cole

The Oxbow

Robert S. Duncanson

Blue Hole, Little Miami River

Paul Cezanne

Mount Sainte-Victoire

Van Gogh

The Sower

Compare and contrast Brancusi's Sleeping Muse with Georgia O'Keeffe's Evening Star No. VI.

Compare and contrast Picasso's The Violin with Braque's The Portugese.

Citing examples explain the difference between Analytic and Synthetic Cubism.

Discuss the work of Wassily Kandinsky. What were his influences? How does his work manifest these inspirations?

What discoveries, inventions and developments would influence art in the early 20th century? Make sure to discuss the importance of technology, science and the advent of psychology.

Describe and discuss German Expressionism. What were the influences and who were the practitioners?

Citing examples discuss Fauvism. What were the influences and who were the practitioners?

Discuss the importance of the 1913 Armory Exhibition. What artists were shown? What were some of the reactions to the art?

Discuss the contributions of Alfred Stieglitz to Modern Art in America. Make sure to discuss his work as well as his gallery.

Henri Matisse

Joy of Life

Andre Derrain

London Bridge

Wassily Kandinsky

Blue Mountain

Paul Cezanne

Gardanne

Georges Braque

Le Portugais

Alfred Stieglitz

The Steerage

Umberto Boccioni

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Compare and contrast the work of Edward Hopper and Grant Wood. How do their visions of America differ?

Compare and contrast the work of Archibald Motley, Jr. with Thomas Hart Benton.

Compare and contrast Picasso's Guernica with Diego Rivera's Liberation of the Peon.

What world conditions would result in the development in Dada art? What was the premise behind Dada work? Citing examples discuss the artists and the work of the Dadaists.

What is social realism? Where is this style seen the most? Citing examples discuss the work of the social realists.

Discuss the work of Dorothea Lange. How does she address social issues in her work?

How did Max Ernst influence the Surrealist's work? Cite examples of his works in your explanation.

Discuss the life of Frida Kahlo. What experiences shaped her work? Citing examples discuss her work.

The Great Depression of the 1930s had a tremendous impact on the arts. Citing examples discuss the art and the programs of the Depression.

What is De Stijl painting? Who was its leading proponent? Citing examples discuss the other movements that were influenced by De Stijl work.

Marcel Duchamp

L.H.O.O.Q.

Kazimir Malevich

Airplane Flying

Picasso

Guernica

Frida Kahlo

The Two Fridas

Dorthea Lange

White Angel Breadline 1932

Edward Hopper

Nighthawks

Compare and contrast Action Painting with Color Field Painting. Name and discuss the artists associated with each style of painting.

Compare and contrast Running Fence with Spiral Jetty.

Compare and contrast Chicago's The Dinner Party with Grooms' Ruckus Manhattan.

Compare and contrast Ukeles' A.I.R. Wash with Mendieta's Tree of Life Series.

Discuss Christo and Jeanne-Claude's Running Fence. How was such a massive project achieved? What were the intentions of the artists? How was this exhibited?

What historical event would lead to America becoming a leader in modern art? Who were the early contributors and how did they contribute?

What is Abstract Expressionism? Who were the leading practitioners? Citing examples discuss their work.

Harry Callahan was one of the leaders in photography in the 1940's. How did his work employ the artistic style of the Abstract Expressionists? Citing an example discuss his work.

Discuss Jean Tinguely's Homage to New York. What was he attempting to say in this work? Was he successful?

Discuss the work experience of James Rosenquist and how that experience has affected his work. Make sure to cite examples.

Jackson Pollock

Autumn Rhythm

Helen Frankenthaler

Mountains and Sea

Robert Motherwell

Elegy to the Spanish Republic 34

William De Kooning

Woman and Bicycle

Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill

Lever House

Considered a "classic" SOM building, Lever House opens up the urban space with a central plaza and is set back from the street. This 21-story building has transparent green glass with blue-grey spandrels. A mezzanine, supported on pilotis, surrounds the open central court.

Andy Warhol

Marylin Monroe Diptych

Compare and contrast Wilson's Mining the Museum with Richard Misrach' s Submerged Lamppost, Salton Sea.

Compare and contrast Johnson and Burgee's A.T. & T. Building with Michael Graves' Public Services Building.

Why do Art Historians and critics believe that modern art has ended? What forces may have influenced this? Were they cultural forces? Explain why?

What is Post-modernist Architecture? Citing examples discuss the leaders in the field.

With the end of Modern Art what direction do artists take today? Citing examples discuss their motivations.

What is Anselm Kiefer attempting to convey in his painting Osiris and Isis? How does his process relate to his intent?

Discuss how Cindy Sherman's photographs stereotype popular culture. How does this reflect a Post-modernist intent?

Discuss Kerry Marshall's Better Homes Better Gardens. What is he portraying? Is there an underlying message? Would you say that this is an optimistic painting?

Discuss the work of Barbara Kruger. What is her message? Do you think her works give insight into the issues she has selected? Is this art? Defend your position.

AT&T Building

Johnson and Burgee

This thirty-four story office building (660 feet tall) is generally viewed as the first post-modern skyscraper, even though Philip Johnson had long been a leading American proponent of the International Style. (See the Seagram Building.) The slender rectangular building, without setbacks, occupies a narrow space (100 x 200' at the base) and features design elements of the earliest skyscrapers--a tripartite scheme with obvious base and top. The shaft, sheathed in pinkish granite with only 30 percent of the surface glazed, has nine strips of vertical fenestration, which may allude to a Rolls Royce radiator grill. The controversial top, alluding to Chippendale highboys, is a 30 foot high pediment, broken in the center. Its practical purpose is to conceal utilities and mechanical equipment, but it also presents a unique skyline identity.

The Portland Building

Michael Graves

The dis­tinc­tive look of Michael Graves' Port­land Buil­ding, with its use of a va­riety of sur­face ma­te­ri­als and co­lors, small win­dows, and in­clu­sion of pro­mi­nent de­co­ra­tive flou­ris­hes, was in stark con­trast to the ar­chi­tec­tu­ral style most com­monly used for large of­fice buil­dings at the time,^[2] and made the buil­ding an icon of postmodern architecture. It is the first major post­mo­dern buil­ding, opening be­fore Philip Johnson's AT&T Building, and its de­sign has been de­scri­bed as a re­jec­tion of the Modernist prin­ci­ples es­ta­blis­hed in the early 20th cen­tury.

Anselm Kiefer

Osiris and Isis 1987

Kerry James Marshall

Better Homes Better Gardens

Paul Klee

The twittering machine

Marc Chagall

The Birthday

Giorgio De Chirico

The Mystery and Melancholy of the Street

Salvador Dali

The persistence of memory

Piet Mondrian

Composition with red, yellow, and blue

Le Corbusier

Villa Savoye

draw upon western classical art - usually ancient greece and rome mid 18th to the end of the 19th century

the oath of horatii

francisco goya, 3rd of may 1808

Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism, which became a central theme of Romantic art and political philosophy. From the earliest parts of the movement, with their focus on development of national languages and folklore, and the importance of local customs and traditions, to the movements which would redraw the map of Europe and lead to calls for self-determination of nationalities, nationalism was one of the key vehicles of Romanticism, its role, expression and meaning

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence in the 1870s and 1880s.

Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.

monet

renoir

mary cassat

cezanne

Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour.

van gogh

cezanne

seurat

rousseau

gauguin

Les Fauves (French for The Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.

matisse

rousseau

Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere.

boccioni

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1922.^[1] The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature—poetry, art manifestoes, art theory—theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works. Its purpose was to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and anarchistic in nature.

stieglitz

duchamp

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members.

Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; however, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact.

salvidore dali

max ernst

also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917. In a narrower sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in the Netherlands.^[1][2] De Stijl is also the name of a journal that was published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critic Theo van Doesburg (1883–1931), propagating the group's theories.

Theo van Doesburg

Social Realism, also known as Socio-Realism, is an artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which depicts social and racial injustice, economic hardship, through unvarnished pictures of life's struggles; often depicting working class activities as heroic.

Dorthea Lange

Margaret Bourke-White

Lewis Hine

Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris.

Jackson Pollock

Max Ernst

Wassily Kandisky

Kooning

Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United States.^[1] Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist's use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of fine art

Andy Warhol

Jasper Johns

Installation art describes an artistic genre of site-specific, three-dimensional works designed to transform the perception of a space.

lightning field

the dinner party

Postmodern art is a term used to describe an art movement which was thought to be in contradiction to some aspect of modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as Intermedia, Installation art, Conceptual Art and Multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.

Spiral Jetty

Postmodern architecture was an international style whose first examples are generally cited as being from the 1950s, but which did not become a movement until the late 1970s^[1] and continues to influence present-day architecture. Postmodernity in architecture is generally thought to be heralded by the return of "wit, ornament and reference" to architecture in response to the formalism of the International Style of modernism

the portland building, at&t building