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Art 100 Exam 3
Exam 3
119
Art History
Undergraduate 1
04/14/2010

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Flying Buttress
Definition
thick vertical wall additives in order to support/strengthen structures
Term
"Fortress of God"
Definition
monestary church that served as a sanctuary to those in need during Romanesque period
Term
Led to significant role of the monestary churches (2)
Definition
Pilgrimages and the Crusades
Term
Crusades
Definition
holy wars the Christians waged against the Moslems in attempt to recover the Holy Land
Term
Romanesque architecture
Definition

Stone churches

PLain interior and exterior

Thick walls, Dimly lit

Arch, Groin vault, Barrel vault

 

 

Term
5 major areas of Romanesque church interiors
Definition

nave

side isles

narthex

transept

apse

Term
Romanesque Sculpture
Definition

NOT concerned w/realism or naturalism

 

Expresses dramatic and frightening messages of the Last Judgement and the plight of those who did not repent

 

People depicted as pitiful and weak and figures are distorted to fit

Term
Romanesque Art
Definition

11th and 12th Centuries

 

millennial and apocalyptic mood

 

need for large scale pilgrimage churches

Term

Gothic Art

 

Definition

12th and 13th Centuries

 

Architecture is more complex and ornate and humanism is renewed during this time

 

Cathedral is the highest artistic expression with stained glass depicting bible narratives

 

Exoskeleton structural system & flying buttresses

Term
Tympanum
Definition
arch-like portal cover above lintel
Term
Flying Buttress
Definition
wall support used to increase scale of Gothic cathedrals and allow for windows
Term
5 Characteristics of Gothic Cathedral
Definition

1 Use of pointed arch

2 Awe-inspiring height

3 Flying Buttresses

4 Ribbed Groin vaults

5 Large stained glass windows

Term
Gothic Sculpture
Definition

increase in naturalism and Classicism

 

Values...

 1. exaltation of faith

2. community involvement

3. humanism

Term
Renaissance PERIOD
Definition

14th-16th Centuries

 

Term is French for "rebirth"

 

Begins out of Florence, Italy

 

Revival of Classicism and art was beautiful and merged w/ science(study of nature and human being)

 

 

Term
Renaissance ART
Definition

Linear and aerial perspective principles

 

Illusionary Realism

 

Genre Pantings

 

Significance of the INDIVIDUAL

 

genius & "universal man"

 

Oil paintings develop

Term
Renaissance painting in Italy (4)
Definition

1 Use of perspective principles

2 Strong lines in works

3 Study and mastery of human figures as art form

4 Fresco paintings revived

Term

Renaissance painting in Northern Europe (4)

 

Definition

1 Close observation of details

2 Exquisite surfaces

3 Depiction and mastery of details is important

4 Oil painting developed, lends to detailed approach

Term
3 printing techniques 
Definition

1 woodcut

2 engraving

3 intaglio

Term
Woodcut
Definition

Printing technique linked to Asian art

 

Carve in surface of wood

 

Term
Engraving
Definition
Printing technique in which a stylis metal pen incises drawing into metal plate
Term
Intaglio
Definition
Printing technique-scratch through a layer of paint and the drop in acid to create incision
Term
Sfumato
Definition

atmospheric qualities

 

ex: Mona Lisa

Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
3D w/ strong contrast of light and dark
Term
Trompe'loeil
Definition

Ultimate realism in oil painting

 

"Fool the Man's eye"

Term
Glaze technique
Definition

Oil painting on canvas

 

linked to artist TITIAN

Term
Impasto technique
Definition

Thickly textured painting technique (3D almost)

 

Linked to REMBRANDT

Term
Genre painting
Definition

Painting everyday/ordinary things

 

Linked to Jan Vermeer

Term
Alberti
Definition

studied & wrote 10 books on architechture of his time (Italy)

 

Early Renaissance

Term
Pierro Della Francesca
Definition
Used vanishing points of lines to make it seem 3D
Term
Inventor of oil painting
Definition

Jan Van Eyck

 

Brought realism to North

 

Paintings were detailed, smooth surfaces, glossy

Term
5 Characteristics of Baroque Period
Definition

1 Movement

2 Drama

3 Strong light source

4 passion

5 time

Term
Baroque Period
Definition

Age of Expansion

 

Characterized by movement, drama, strong light source, passion, & time

 

Increase in ceiling frescoes and elaborate fountains

 

Comes from word "Barroco"

 

 

Term

"Barroco"

 

Definition

Irregular-shaped pearl

 

Root word for Baroque period

Term
Rococo Period
Definition

Follows reign of King Louis XV

 

Style is more light-hearted & sensual in France

 

Art is ornate, lush, lavish

Term
Order of Time Periods
Definition

Renaissance

Baroque

Rococo

Neoclassical

Romanticism

Realism

Term
Royal Academy of Art
Definition

Created in Paris 1648 by King Louis XIV

 

-Nicholas Poussin was 1st director

Term
King Louis XIV
Definition

Created Royal Academy of Art in Paris in 1648

 

The Louvre

 

Palace @ Versailles(note: architectural fountains and facades)

Term
Neo-Classical style
Definition

intellectual/ideal

 

Jacques-Louis David

Term
Romanticism
Definition

Passionate

 

Fancisco Goya

Term
Pelazzo Medici-Riccardi
Definition

design: Balanced/symmetrical

 

Medici influence begins in politics(Early Renaissance)

Term

Inventor of linear perspective

 

Founder of Renaissance style architecture

Definition

Brunelleschi

 

*creation of dome and runner up for baptistry

Term
Donetello
Definition

Rise of florentine scuplture

 

Revival of equestrian stature (Erasmo de Name) and portrait bust

 

Renewal of Classicism  and Naturalism in Italian scuplture

 

 

Term
Created 1st free-standing nude bronze sculpture and the 1st giant statue
Definition
Donatello
Term
Pope Julius II
Definition
Commisioned the artwork within Sistine Chapel
Term
Michelangelo
Definition

Ceiling frescoes in the Sistine Chapel commissioned by Pope Julius II

 

St.Peter's Dome

 

Figures filled with expression and passion 

Term

Used single light source to cast shadows that enhance feeling of weight

 

Natural forms

 

Linear perspective

Definition
Masaccio
Term

1st to revive painting in Italy

 

Naturalism & Solidity in human figures

 

Large scale fresco paintings

Definition
GIOTTO
Term

Man that symbolizes the greatest of Renaissance

 

the eye was the greatest authority

 

"Renaissance Man" - Great artist, inventor, engineer, & musician

Definition
Leonardo Da Vinci
Term
Albrecht Durer
Definition

Synthesized Northern Europe styles with Italian

 

Used printing press to create woodcut and engraving reproductions

 

Founder of German High Renaissance

Term

Northern European Style

vs.

Italian Style

Definition

NE - detail, realism,symbolism

 

I - classical, linear perspectives

Term

 Significant Baroque period artist

 

Increased movement & contrast btwn light and dark

 

More chaotic style (ex: "Last Supper")

Definition
Tinoretto
Term
Sistine Chapel, Rome
Definition
Curved barrell-vault ceiling made of over 300 fresco paintings (by Michelangelo)
Term
Giotto di BONdone
Definition

Vanishing point

 

Use of angles

 

light & shadow

Term

Depicts dreams and fantasies in paintings

 

INfluenced 20th century SURREALISM

Definition
Hieronymus Bosch
Term
El Greco
Definition

MYSTICISM & distortion

 

Mixture of Realism and abstraction(ex:"Burial of Count Orgaz")

Term
Nicholas Poussin
Definition

1st Director of Royal Academy of Art

 

BAROQUE

 

Classic style in French painting

Term
Rembrandt
Definition

Holland painter

 

IMPASTO painting

 

self-portraits

 

showed ppl as they were

 

Term

Used DYNACISM (dynamic movement in works)

 

 

 

Artist, diplomat, statesman

Definition
Peter Paul Rubens (Flanders)
Term
Diego Velasquez
Definition

Spanish painter

 

Impressionistic qualities in art

 

IMPT WORK: "Las Meninas"

Term

Rococo artist of "Happy Accidents of the Swing"

 

-lush

-ornate

-delicate qualities

-softened light

 

 

Definition
Jean Honore Fragonnard
Term

Neo-Classical artist

 

Official painter of the French Revolution

 

IMPT WORK: "Oath of the Horatii"

Definition
Jaques-Louis David
Term

Artist linked with ROMANTICISM

Works depict mans injustice to man, human suffering

Definition
Francisco Goya
Term
Realism
Definition

Connected to photography

 

IMPT: "Stone Breakers" by Gustave Courbet

Term
"Mona Lisa"
Definition

Leonardo Da VInci example of Sfumato

 

notion of beauty

 

"unified representation of objects in an atmospheric setting"

Term
triforium
Definition
Gallery of arches
Term
Fenestration
Definition

Products that fill openings to allow for the passage of air/light

 

ex:windows

Term
[image]
Definition

Bayeux Tapestry

 

Describes invasion of England by William the Conqueror

 

Historic/mythical references

 

Embroidered wool on linen made by  Bayeux women of church

Term
[image]
Definition

Cathedral of Autun in Burgundy

 

Example of Typanum expressing fightening messages about Last Judgement

Term
Church of St. Etienne
Definition
Example of Romanesque style church in which both exterior and interior are PLAIN
Term
[image]
Definition

Bernardus Geguinus

 

Relief ambulatory of St. Sernin depicts Christ in majesty

 

Severe abstraction/stylized

 

Note: unnatural head immitation

Term
[image]
Definition

Chartres Cathedral, France

 

Made for Virgin mary

 

Rebuilt after a fire

Term
[image]
Definition

St. Theodore

 

Jamb Statue at Chartres Cathedral

Term
[image]
Definition

Rose Window

 

ex of stained glass

 

RENAISSANCE

Term
[image]
Definition

Cathedral of Notre Dame

 

Paris, France

 

GOTHIC, sculptural

Term
[image]
Definition

FLorence Cathedral

 

GOTHIC

 

First dome created by Brunelleschi

Term
[image]
Definition

"Virgin and Child Enthroned" by Cimabue

 

Church of Santa Trinita, Florence

 

heaven=gold, symbolic use of color and detail

Term
[image]
Definition

"Arnolfini and His Bride"

 

JAN VAN EYKE

 

oil paint, realism

Term
Lorenzo Gibherti
Definition

Won panel competition

 

His panel was less graphic and extreme compared to runner-up Brunelleschi

Term
[image]
Definition

Leonardo Da Vinci's "Last Supper"

 

inspirational

 

lines/angles led back to Christ

Term
trumeau
Definition
Vertical architectural member between the leaves of a doorway
Term
Jamb
Definition
vertical portion of the frame onto which a door is secured
Term
[image]
Definition

Merode Altarpiece

 

Oil on wood by Robert Campin

 

Triptic Form (3 Panels)

Term
[image]
Definition

Buxheim St Christopher

 

Example of WOODCUT

Term
[image]
Definition

DONATELLO-St. Mark

 

Relates back to antiquity w/use of Contrapposto

Term
[image]
Definition

"David" by DONATELLO

 

First life-size nude male since antiquity

 

Boy after defeating giant, expresses courage/faith

Term
[image]
Definition

Trinity w the Virgin

 

MASACCIO

Term
[image]
Definition

"School of Athens" by RAPHAEL

 

Depiction of Plato and Aristotle

Term
Raphael
Definition

Painter of Classic Form

 

Unity, harmony, and graceful design

 

IMPT: "School of Athens"

Term
[image]
Definition

"Lamentation over Christ"

 

Giotto

 

large scale fresco

Term
[image]
Definition

MICHELANGELO

 

Cross Legged Slave

 

Unfinished marble exhibits his unique carving process

Term
[image]
Definition

MICHELANGELO

 

"Creation of Adam"

Term
[image]
Definition

"Venus of Urbino"

 

TITIAN

 

Use of glazing

Term
[image]
Definition

"Last Supper"

 

TINORETTO

 

Contrast light/dark

 

BAROQUE

Term
[image]
Definition

"Adam and Eve"

 

Albrecht DURER

 

engraving*

Term
[image]
Definition

"Burial of COunt Orgaz"

 

El Greco

 

Combination of realism and mysticism

separation of earth vs heavenly realms

Term
[image]
Definition

St Peter's Bascilica and square

 

BERNINI created columnade

 

Barooque: Counter-reformation of church

Term
[image]
Definition

Ceiling of St. Matthew

 

CARAVAGGIO

 

depicts single strong light source and mystery

Term
[image]
Definition

"Las Meninas" by Diego Velasquez

 King in reflection of mirror

Term
[image]
Definition

"Arrival of MArie de MEdici at Marseilles"

 

Peter Paul Rubens-dynamicism

Term
[image]
Definition

REMBRANDT

 

"Night Watch"

 

Impasto Painting

Term
[image]
Definition

"Woman Holding  Balance"

 

by Jan Vermeer

captures light source

Term
[image]
Definition

"Garden of Earthly Delights"

 

Hieronymus Bosch

depicts dream/fantasy

Term
[image]
Definition

"Ecstasy of St Theresa"

 

BERNINI (baroque)

 

Example of theatrical style

 

Symbol of rays of heavenly light

 

Term
Alla Prima
Definition

Wet-in-wet oil painting frescoes

 

Ex: Rembrandt, Rubens

Term
Fresco Secco
Definition
Water colors applied to dry plaster
Term
[image]
Definition

"Pilgrimage to Cythera"

 

Jean-Antoine Watteau

 

Rococo linked w/ Romatic

Term
[image]
Definition

Landscape w St John on Patmos

 

POUSSIN

 

through calssic w use of contemporary

Term
[image]
Definition

"Oath of Horatii"

 

Jaques-Louis David

 

NEOCLASSICAL

Term
[image]
Definition

"Death of Marat"

 

Jaques-Louis David

 

NEOCLASSICAL

Term
[image]
Definition

"Raft of Medusa"

 

Gericault

ROMANTICISM

Term
[image]
Definition

"Third of MAy, 1808"

 

Francisco GOYA

 

ROMANTICISM

Term
[image]
Definition

"Stone Breakers"

 

Gustave Courbet

 

REALISM

Term
[image]
Definition

"Happy Accidents of the Swing"

 

ROCOCO

 

by Poussin (classic style)

Term
[image]
Definition

"man in the red turban"

 

Jan Van Eyck self portrait

Term
[image]
Definition

Madonna of the rocks

 

DA VINCI charcoal

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