By: Exekias

(signed by both potter and artist)

Amphora-style vase

Black figure ware

1. Geometric c.800-600 BCE

2. Archaic c.600-500 BCE

3. Classical c. 480-330 BCE

4. Hellenistic c. 330-150 BCE

Classic/"Ideal"

(aesthetic expressions of beauty, balance, harmony)

CERAMICS

Beginning of western ideas and cultural characteristics

4 periods

Geometric designs/simplified forms

Concept for visual relationships and design

c. 600-500 BCE

(Egyptian influence possible)

 Stone used for architecture/sculpture

Human figures are portrayed rigid/static with "Archaic Smile"

Black & red figure ware

Doric Style

Unusual smile in human stone sculptures

ex: Kore sculpture

Greek Archaic Period

Greek order developed in archaic period that seeks ideal proportions

(order: type of architechtural style)

Women as columns supporting the roof

1 of 3 Greek Classical temples during "Golden Age of Pericles" 

c. 480-330 BCE

3 periods (Early, High, Late Classical)

"Golden Age of Pericles"

Idealism & Naturalism

Early

High

Late Classical

During Greek Classical time period

High point in Greek art

Pericles is impt leader in Athens at time & patron of Greek Temples

(Pericles=patronage)

Idealism & Naturalism

Artworks integrated w/a conscious intent toward harmony, unity, & beauty

Man is the measure of all things

(Human/male figure used as artwork subject)

Geometric funerary vase

Krater-style

Black figure ware

Artist:Dipylon

Kouros: young god made of stone 580 BCE

Bones/muscles shown as more emphasized (ideal proportions)

Greek Archaic Period

1.Parthenon

-largest, Doric

2. Temple of Athena Nike

-Ionic

3. Erechtheion

-women as columns

[image]

Parthenon

Greek Classical temple during time of Pericles considered most significant and influential in Greek architechture(perfect proportions)

Largest temple-Doric Style

Made by Ictinos and Kallicrates

Greek Classical temple during time of Pericles

Ionic style

Made by Kallicrates

Doric- geometric (ARCHAIC; Parthenon)

Ionic- scroll-like columns (Temple of Athena Nike)

Corinthian- most decorative style influenced by plants/leaves (HELLENISTIC)

Can be recognized by capital(columnal design)

c. 330-150 BCE

Realism replaces Idealism

Alexander the Great expands his empire across Persia, Egypt, & Near East

Artwork is emotional & depicts real life experiences of human condition

DYNAMIC

 Pepplos Kore: female goddess with "Archaic Smile" with use of Encaustic Paint(pigment mixed w/wax)

Archaic time period (idealism)

The Scraper c. 330BCE

Copy made by:Lysippos

*Breaks into 3D space

Artist of The Scraper

Sculptor of Alexander the Great

Sculpts S-curve(contrapposto) body shapes

Statues are more human-like

 rather than god-like

Ex:Hermes and Dionyssos - original marble form

[image]

Name means "sculptor"

Cannon of Perfection and "the golden mean"

The Spear Bearer

(indicates a copy)

[image]

3 Goddesses

Greek Classical Period[image]

"counterbalance"

Weight shift in Classical sculptures

ex:Kritios Boy-figure is shifting weight from one leg to other

[image]

casting bronze using clay and wax

ex: Warrior, possibly "Zeus"

[image]

triangular relief sculpture area above columns of a temple

[image]

Broken glass/pieces of stone/tile put together in grout to make large image

assoc. with Hellenistic Period

Captures sense of death=REALISM

Hellenistic Period

[image]

Loacoon Group c. 190 BC

Hellenistic Period

Relief carving into stone=DYNAMIC

Venus de Milo c. 150 BC- Nude goddess (dynamic)

Hellenistic Period-Realism

*retains classic style in hellenistic period

Battle of Issus

Roman mosaic copy relating to Alexander the Great (hellenistic)

Altar of Zeus

in Pergamon, Turkey

HELLENISTIC

Hellenistic "Old Market Woman"

clearly depicts realism

c. 700-250 BCE(linked to archaic period)

West coast of Italy-ROME

creamation&inhumation

Sarcophogus

Seated Boxer c. 150 BC

depicted as hurt, broken, & tired

Hellenistic Period-example of Realism replacing Idealism

Sarcophogus from Cerveteri

(archaic ash urn)

Etruscan Art

She Wolf of the Capital c.500 BC

Symbol of Rome-Story of Romulus and Remus

Etruscan Art- expresses great intensity with fierocity and protectiveness of beast

hollow-cast bronze

Name for Etruscan tombs covered by earth mounds

Location: Necropolis, Italy

Apollo from Veii

Etruscan clay(terracotta) w/archaic qualities

New roof structure developed by Romans

Held together by keystone:weighted center piece

Vault

Barrell vs. Groin

Barrell: long extension of arch

Groin: several arches come together from different sides

**contributed to Basilica

Governing body intent on expanding Roman rule

Created during Roman Republic time period

Marcus Aurelius 161-180 CE

Roman statue of man on horse

Example of Equestrian Portrait

Sculpture of man on horse

Symbolizing power, strength, etc.

Ex: Marcus Aurelius

Monarchy/Republic

Early Empire

High Empire

Late Empire

Connection to glass

expanded off of Greek inventions (ECLECTIC)

Impt style: architechtural

Roman style #2

Use of allusionary painting to make the walls more beautiful

Roman invention

Bridge/channel used to convey water

ex:Pont du Gard w/use of water wheels

Based off of Greek theatre

ex:Colosseum

Began after Etruscans were ousted from the city

2 Parties:patricians and plebians

Creation of Senate

first Roman Ceasar:Augustus Ceasar

Temple of Portunus

Ionic order and monolithic stones

Roman Republic time

Still-life with Peaches

4th style

connects glass w/Romans

Pantheon c.125-130

Pagan Roman Temple- House of the Gods/goddesses

Use of square/cube(earth) and circle/sphere(universe) & coffered ceiling

During Early Empire

Where most of the early Christian art was found in Rome

Underground passageways and chambers designed as tombs for the dead

3rd/4th Centuries

Hagia Sophia

Most important monument of early Byzantine art

"Church of Holy Wisdom" in Constantinople

(later became a mosque)

Made for King Justinian

Byzantian art

clearly depict plain exterior but has elaborate interior

Old St. Peter's Roman Basilica

in Constantine, longitudinal groin vault style

Constantine the Great

Roman Bust of Late Empire

Period in which art is mainly used to glorify the state:

-aqueducts(Pont du Gard)

-amphitheatres(Colloseum)

-combination of realism/idealism

-architecture:arch & concrete

Early Roman Empire

Period in which Christianity becomes recognized

-Basilicas:forum, nave, groin vault

-more archaic style of classism in artwork

-realism replaced by archaic idealism

Christ of the Good Shepherd

 Early Byzantine mosaic

Byzantine Churches

2 Designs

Known for having plain exterior and mosaic interior

1. Central (ex:Pantheon)

2. Bascilica (ex:Old St.Peter's)

Name for the longitudinal groin vault style

(ex:Old St. peter's)