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Arm Muscles
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35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2013

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Cards

Term
Abductor digiti minimi (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Pisiform bone, pisohamate ligament and flexor retinaculum
[image]
INSERTION
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger and extensor expansion
ACTION
Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint

 

Term
Abductor pollicis brevis
Definition
ORIGIN
Tubercle of scaphoid & flexor retinaculum
[image]
INSERTION
Radial sesamoid of proximal phalanx of thumb & tendon of extensor pollicis longus
ACTION
Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal joints
Term
Abductor pollicis longus
Definition
ORIGIN
Upper posterior surface of ulna and middle third of posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane between
[image]
INSERTION
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium
ACTION
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Term
Adductor pollicis
Definition
ORIGIN
Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, trapezoid and capitate. Transverse head: palmar border and shaft of 3rd metacarpal
[image]
INSERTION
Ulnar sesamoid then ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx and tendon of extensor pollicis longus
ACTION
Adducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Term
Adductor pollicis longus
Definition
Term
Anconeus
Definition
ORIGIN
Smooth surface at lower extremity of posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
Lateral side of olecranon
ACTION
Weak extensor of elbow. Moves (abducts) ulna in pronation
Term
Biceps brachii
Definition
ORIGIN
Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula with coracobrachialis
[image]
INSERTION
posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna
ACTION
Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder
Term
Brachialis
Definition
ORIGIN
Anterior lower half of humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa
[image]
INSERTION
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
ACTION
Flexes elbow
Term
Brachioradialis
Definition
ORIGIN
Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
[image]
INSERTION
Base of styloid process of radius
ACTION
Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position
Term
Coracobrachialis
Definition
ORIGIN
Coracoid process of scapula with biceps brachii
[image]
INSERTION
Upper half medial border of humerus
ACTION
Flexes and weakly adducts arm
Term
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
Posterior base of 3rd metacarpal
ACTION
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
ORIGIN
Lower third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
[image]
INSERTION
Posterior base of 2nd metacarpal
ACTION
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
Base of 5th metacarpal via groove by ulnar styloid
ACTION
Extends and adducts hand at wrist
Term
Extensor digiti minimi (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
Extensor expansion of little finger-usually two tendons which are joined by a slip from extensor digitorum at metacarpophalangeal joint
ACTION
Extends all joints of little finger
Term
Extensor digitorum (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
External expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons. Tendons 3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slip
ACTION
Extends all joints of fingers
Term
Extensor indicis
Definition
ORIGIN
Lower posterior shaft of ulna (below extensor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane
[image]
INSERTION
Extensor expansion of index finger (tendon lies on ulnar side of extensor digitorum tendon)
ACTION
Extends all joints of index finger
Term
Extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
ORIGIN
Lower third of posterior shaft of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
[image]
INSERTION
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of proximal phalanx of thumb
ACTION
Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Term
Extensor pollicis longus
Definition
ORIGIN
Middle third of posterior ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane
[image]
INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of radius).
ACTION
Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
Term
Flexor carpi radialis
Definition
ORIGIN
Common flexor origin of medial epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals via groove in trapezium and slip to scaphoid
ACTION
Flexes and abducts wrist
Term
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
ORIGIN
Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle. Ulnar head: aponeurosis from medial olecranon and upper three quarters subcutaneous border of ulna
[image]
INSERTION
Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal via pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments
ACTION
Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles
Term
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
[image]
INSERTION
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
ACTION
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
Term
Flexor digitorum profundus (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Medial olecranon, upper three quarters of anterior and medial surface of ulna as far round as subcutaneous border and narrow strip of interosseous membrane
[image]
INSERTION
Distal phalanges of medial four fingers. Tendon to index finger separates early
ACTION
Flexes distal interphalangeal joints, then secondarily flexes proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle humerus, medial ligament of elbow. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process and fibrous arch. Radial head: whole length of anterior oblique line
[image]
INSERTION
Tendons split to insert onto sides of middle phalanges of medial four fingers
ACTION
Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
Term
Flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
RIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
[image]
INSERTION
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (via radial sesamoid)
ACTION
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Term
Flexor pollicis longus
Definition
ORIGIN
Anterior surface of radius below anterior oblique line and adjacent interosseous membrane
[image]
INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
ACTION
Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Term
Dorsal interossei (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metacarpals
[image]
INSERTION
Proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion on radial side of index and middle fingers and ulnar side of middle and ring fingers
ACTION
Abduct from axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints
Term
Palmar interossei (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Anteriorshafts of 2, 4, 5 metacarpals (unipennate)
[image]
INSERTION
Proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion on ulnar side of index and radial side of ring and little fingers and to ulnar sesamoid of thumb
ACTION
Adduct to axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints
Term
Lumbricals of hand
Definition
ORIGIN
Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus. Radial 2: radial side only (unipennate). Ulnar 2: cleft between tendons ( bipennate)
[image]
INSERTION
Extensor expansion (dorsum of proximal phalanx ) of fingers 2-5 radial side
ACTION
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of fingers
Term
Opponen digiti minimi (hand)
Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
[image]
INSERTION
Ulnar border of shaft of 5th metacarpal
ACTION
Opposes (flexes and laterally rotates) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of little finger
Term
Opponens pollicis
Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
[image]
INSERTION
Whole of radial border of 1st metacarpal
ACTION
Opposes (medially rotates and flexes ) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
Term
Palmaris longus
Definition
ORIGIN
Common flexor origin of medial epicondyle of humerus
[image]
INSERTION
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
ACTION
Flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
Term
Pronator quadratus
Definition
ORIGIN
Lower quarter of anteromedial shaft of ulna
[image]
INSERTION
Lower quarter of anterolateral shaft of radius and some interosseous membrane
ACTION
Pronates forearm and maintains ulna and radius opposed
Term
Pronator teres
Definition
ORIGIN
Humeral head: medial epicondyle, medial supracondylar ridge and medial intermuscular septum. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process
[image]
INSERTION
Just posterior to most prominent part of lateral convexity of radius
ACTION
Pronates forearm and flexes elbow
Term
Supinator
Definition
ORIGIN
Deep part (horizontal):supinator crest and fossa of ulna. Superficial part (downwards): lateral epicondyle and lateral ligament of elbow and annular ligament
[image]
INSERTION
Neck and shaft of radius, between anterior and posterior oblique lines
ACTION
Supinates forearm. Only acts alone when elbow extended
Term
Triceps
Definition
ORIGIN
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half posterior humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior humerus inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septa
[image]
INSERTION
Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsule
ACTION
Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension
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