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ARH2051 Exam 3 Terms
Terms
129
Art History
Undergraduate 2
04/17/2009

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Term
Helen Fourment
Definition
2nd wife of Rubens
Term
LDM
Definition
Little Dutch Masters, Social realist view that art is for everyone, not just for the rich and churches
Term
Union of Ultrecht
Definition
1579, treaty separates low countries (Holland and Belgium)
Term
Tulip Mania
Definition
Until 1637, tulips grow out of Union of Ultrecht, creating economic boom; Imported from Turkey; Super rich in Holland spend lots of money on tulips
Term
Thore Burger
Definition
19th century art critic who rediscovered Vermeer; Attributed 66 paintings, today there are only 35; Social realist who painted domestic interiors
Term
Anthony Van Leewenhoeck
Definition
Comes up with pre-camera machine/box, Allows you to trace what is projected
Term
Circles of Confusion
Definition
LIttle imperfections come as white globules, Vermeer adds white dots (adds humidity, super realist quality)
Term
Rococo
Definition
Decorative, graceful style known for its soft pastel colors, pursuit of pleasure, frivolous, and sensuous theme
Term
Cythera
Definition
mythical isle of love
Term
Fete Galante
Definition
Elegant and graceful celebration
Term
Madame de Pompadour
Definition
King's mistress hires Boucher to paint voluptuous paintings with scenes of sensuous pursuits of pleasure and escapes from boredom
Term
Fancy pictures
Definition
poetic landscape painting
Term
The Rose Tavern
Definition
Location of Hogarth's orgy was London's infamous brothel
Term
Picturesque
Definition
romantic attitude in art, that like the sublime arouse strong emotions
Term
Pauline Bonaparte Borghese
Definition
Napoleon's sister caused scandal in Rome
Term
Venus Victrix
Definition
From story of Judgment of Paris, Venus wins prize of a golden apple in world's most famous beauty contest. Paris chose Venus, god of Love and the love of the most beautiful woman in the world: Helen of Troy, which starts Trojan War
Term
Odalisque
Definition
Female slave from Turkish harem and Ingres painted several works on the subject
Term
Medusa
Definition
Name of French ship off coast of Africa is shipwrecked. 149 people witnessed cannabalism so that only 15 survived after 2 weeks. Scandal is shown in dramatic fashion and as an allegory of France herself on the doomed raft
Term
Sardanapalus
Definition
A play by Lord Byron. Sardanapalus was an Assyrian king who upon learning that his armies were defeated, had everything he owned destroyed including his harem women
Term
The artist painted with a drunken broom
Definition
How critics viewed Delacroix, the major Romantic painter of 19th century
Term
Black Paintings
Definition
Group of paintings by Goya created in the later years of his life that portray intense, haunting themes.
Term
John Fisher
Definition
The Bishop of Salisbury, who commissioned painting
Term
"I never saw an ugly thing"
Definition
Constable's romantic and picturesque world view
Term
Constable Snow
Definition
technical trick where Constable added touches of red, green, and white against brown backgrounds for dramatic effect.
Term
Hudson River School
Definition
Back to nature group of painters
Term
Pantheism
Definition
God in Nature. Art that evokes mood of nostalgia for lost values, world, and life
Term
Barbizon School
Definition
Romantic artists who painted scenes around the village of Barbizon in the forests of Fountainebleau
Term
Hero of Soil
Definition
View that country people are superior to city people and a glorification of the common man.
Term
She used to wade through pools of blood at the stockyards
Definition
Bonheur was advocate of women's rights and dressed like a man. She needed a police permit to get her hair cut short. She never married
Term
Apostle of Realism
Definition
Description of Courbet
Term
Show me an angel and I will paint one
Definition
Courbet's vow to paint onlywhat he could see. Courbet as a rebel, and hated labels like "realist"
Term
Ecole des Beaux Art
Definition
represented the Official School of Art, the establishment. The host of the salon
Term
The Pavilion of Realism
Definition
1855 Courbet's Salon, held in a shed
Term
Michelangelo of caricature
Definition
description of Daumier
Term
Louis Daguerre
Definition
inventor of photography
Term
William Henry Fox Talbot
Definition
Inventor of photography
Term
Louis Daguerre
Definition
Inventor of photography
Term
Nadar
Definition
first person to take aerial photographs, built huge hot air balloon named "the Giant"
Term
Father of Photojournalism
Definition
Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism
Term
Pre-Raphaelites
Definition
Group of English painters, poets, and critics founded by John Everett Millais, with the intention to reform art by rejecting what they considered to be mechanistic approach first adopted by the Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo
Term
Henry Ossawa Tanner
Definition
First African American painter to reach international acclaim
Term
Victorine Meurend
Definition
Nude model, later became a painter herself
Term
Merienda
Definition
In spanish is a light afternoon meal (Merienda on the grass)
Term
Salon des refuses
Definition
1863 Salon of rejected works. 5000 works were submitted and over 1/2 were rejected. There are so many complaints that the Emperor Napoleon III decides to have a special exhibition
Term
Color patches
Definition
introduces pure painting without subject, art for art's sake. Manet was interested in light and color, which is why the Impressionists looked to him for inspiration
Term
John Reobling
Definition
His patent made possible the 1600 foot Brooklyn Bridge, whose construction ran through two generations of Roeblings between 1869 and its completion in 1883
Term
Louis Leroy
Definition
art critic whose scoffing article Le Charivari coined the word Impressionnistes as a general description of the exhibitors added a new term to the critical vocabulary that was to be historic
Term
Absinthe
Definition
Poor person's alcohol, the famed "green fairy"
Term
Zoopraxiscope
Definition
Muybridge device for projecting motion pictures
Term
"It's amazing, a woman who can draw"
Definition
Degas on Cassat
Term
Giverny
Definition
Monet's water garden, with 4 gardeners. His famous home and garden with its waterlily pond were bequeathed by his heirs to the French Academy of Fine Arts
Term
Father of Impressionism
Definition
Pissaro was a mentor to Paul Cezanne and Paul Gauguin
Term
Divisionism
Definition
Seurat's overlapping dots
Term
Pointillism
Definition
Confused with Seurat, separate dots
Term
Egyptian Style
Definition
popular description of Seurat's art
Term
Theo
Definition
Van Gogh's supportive brother
Term
Dr. Paul Gachet
Definition
Van Gogh friend and patron
Term
Cloisonnism
Definition
Style of post-impressionist painting with bold forms separated by
Term
Ambroise Vollard
Definition
Influential French art dealer
Term
Primitivism
Definition
art movement of late 19th century painting and sculpture; characterized by exaggerated body proportions, animal totems, geometric designs and stark contrasts. First artists to systematically use these effects and achieve broad public success was Paul Gauguin
Term
Symbolism
Definition
Applied use of symbols; iconic representations that carry particular conventional meaning.
Term
Art Nouveau
Definition
International style of art, architecture, and design that peaked in popularity by beginning of 20th century. Style characterized by highly-stylized, flowing, curvilinear designs often incorporating floral and other plant-inspired motifs
Term
Vienna Secession
Definition
Austrian Art Nouveau movement
Term
Fauves
Definition
The "Wild Beasts", Matisse is King of Fauves, also Derain
Term
"You will simplify painting"
Definition
Mattise's teacher
Term
Die Brucke
Definition
"The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in the 20th century
Term
Concerning the Spiritual in Art
Definition
Kandinsky 1910, defense of abstract art, published in 1912 Kandinsky argued that art should deal with color and form in spiritual ways
Term
Der Blau Reiter
Definition
The blue rider, Munich avant-guarde. The Blue Rider was not a formal group with a manifesto and strict membership, but rather a changing network of artists who exhibited together and shared ideas
Term
Jazz
Definition
book about 100 prints based on paper cutouts by Matisse
Term
Gertrude Stein
Definition
expatriate writer, subject of Picasso's painting
Term
Avignon Street
Definition
Barcelona street of prostitutes
Term
Little Cubes
Definition
Derogatory description of Picasso. That's not art, but only little cubes. New kind of pictoral space
Term
Analytical Cubism
Definition
Analyzes forms from several point of view
Term
Synthetic Cubism
Definition
Random shapes arranged to look like objects. Not based on nature. Idea-based
Term
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Definition
The name futurism, coined by Marinetti, reflected his emphasis on discarding what he conceived to be the static and irrelevant art of the past
Term
Neo-plasticism
Definition
art style that consisted of a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the use of the three primary colors
Term
Armory Show
Definition
in NYC, celebrated modern art
Term
Suprematism
Definition
Russian minimalist form of cubism and Futurism. Ex: The Black Square
Term
Talien West
Definition
Wright's winter home and school in the desert. Today houses Wright Foundation, school for architects
Term
Ready Made
Definition
Found art
Term
Corrected Ready-made
Definition
Altered found art
Term
Regionalism
Definition
Non-NY art, point of view that country life is better
Term
Helga
Definition
240 unknown and secret paintings "scandal". Did his wife know he was painting a nude woman in his barn?
Term
Helga Testorf
Definition
was Wyeth's favorite model, on cover of Time and Newsweek
Term
Leonard Andrews
Definition
calls Helga a national treasure. Buys them for 6 million and then resells for 45 million
Term
Armory Show
Definition
1913, one of the most influential events in the history of American art that shocked and outraged the public and raised questions about the boundaries of art
Term
Anna Mary Robertson Moses
Definition
Grandma Moses, renowned American folk artist, became successful at old age (70)
Term
Jack the Dripper
Definition
Pollock's new way of painting
Term
Action Painting
Definition
With this technique, Pollock was able to achieve a more immediate means of creating art, the paint
Term
George Dyer
Definition
burgled Bacon's house, eventually became partners
Term
Collage
Definition
French, coller to glue, is a work of art, primarily in the visual arts, made from the assemblage of different forms
Term
Leo Castelli
Definition
One of the most influential art dealers of the 20th century, launched careers of such pop greats as Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg and many more
Term
Benday dots
Definition
printing process, named after illustrator and printer Benjamin Day, is similar to Pointillism. Depending on the effect, color and optical illusion needed, small colored dots are closely spaced, widely spaced or overlapping
Term
Photorealism
Definition
painting based on making a painting of a photograph aka hyperrealism
Term
Earthworks
Definition
Use of organic material and environment. Earth art best seen in Robert Smithson's earthwork Spiral Jetty
Term
Christo
Definition
corporate name of artist, wife and staff. Skill in organizing others. Cost 3.2 million dollars. Paid for by selling drawings, models, and getting student volunteers
Term
Site-specific art
Definition
created to exist in a certain place. Typically, the artist takes the location into account while planning and creating the artwork
Term
The dinner party
Definition
depict setting for 39 mythical and historical famous women throughout history
Term
Sacagawea
Definition
the young Shoshone woman who assisted Lewis and Clark
Term
Kitsch
Definition
art of bad taste, cheap and tacky
Term
Ilona Staller
Definition
Hungarian born naturalized Italian porn star who for the 5 years pursued an alternate career as a member of the italian parliament. married Koons
Term
Meegeren
Definition
Most famous art forger, convicted when the blue he used proved to be a modern color not used before 1940, forges Supper at Emmaus by Vermeer
Term
Pastel
Definition
dry pigment, chalk and glum, in stick form, popular in Rococo
Term
Hogarth Act
Definition
1935 secured copyrights for artists
Term
Brothel Pictures
Definition
used to teach, advocate, and mock
Term
Winckelmann
Definition
German art historian and archaeologist, one of the founders of modern scientific archaeology, art should imitate ideal of classicism
Term
Orientalism
Definition
Romanticized view of the East, the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern culture in the West by writers, designers, and artists
Term
Orientalism
Definition
Romanticized view of the East, the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern culture in the West by writers, designers, and artists
Term
Adams Style
Definition
Revival of ancient Rome design, "Interpretations" light, spacious, symmetrical view of Roman ideas
Term
Third State
Definition
the people (church, government)
Term
Prix de Rome
Definition
1774 spent 6 years in Rome, won by David
Term
Charlotte Corday
Definition
wrote Marat saying she must see him about an uprising, supporter who kills John...
Term
Monmortre
Definition
liked dancers, singers ,prostitutes as subjects
Term
Impasto
Definition
technique of laying paint very thickly so that the dried paint is a texture coming out of the canvas
Term
Impasto
Definition
technique of laying paint very thickly so that the dried paint is a texture coming out of the canvas
Term
Colonialism
Definition
the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people. Colonizers believe their culture is superior, they manipulate and misread colonized culture
Term
Phrenology
Definition
study of the shape and bumps of skulls, based on the belief that they reveal character and mental capacity
Term
John Ruskin
Definition
Said "Mr. Whistler was 'Flinging a Pot of Paint'
Term
Little Cubes
Definition
coined by Louis Vauxcelles, Parisian art critic
Term
Dada
Definition
anti-establishment art movement which ridiculed contemporary culture and traditional art forms
Term
291
Definition
Stieglitz's gallery introduces modern art to US, Steerage is called first modernist photograph. Famed for depictions of real life
Term
Isabelle Rawsthorne
Definition
British artists' model and painter. Better known as the subject of paintings and sculptures by such prominent artists as Bacon, Picasso, Giocometti, and Derain than for her work as a painter
Term
Steel Frame Construction
Definition
Steel girders are joined horizontally and vertically to form a grid
Term
Prairie House
Definition
brief association among a small group of architects who practiced in Chicago area between 1900-25
Term
Cantilever
Definition
extension over exterior space, made possible through use of reinforced concrete with steel girders
Term
De Stijl
Definition
Combined Wright's ideas with Mondrian's ideas of Plasticism, the movement advocated pure abstraction and simplicity
Term
Bauhaus
Definition
called for a new "rational" social housing for workers, house for building
Term
Bauhaus
Definition
called for a new "rational" social housing for workers, house for building
Term
Organic Architecture
Definition
promotes harmony between man and nature through design so well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become unified with nature
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