Justinian as world conqueror, mid-sixth century, Ivory.

• equestrian
• cast in ivory
• still borrows from roman equestrian style.
• Mother earth is featured.
• Roman element (angels - messengers of christ).
• Crowning of Justinian (as victor)
• Nikes are now angels (messengers of christ)
• Wears roman garb (becomes soldier of christ)
• Looks like a roman emperor
• Nike has bare breast. (signifies truth)
• Hair is modeled like greek/roman

Hagia Sophia, Turkey, 532-537 CE style: Byzantine

• Built after Justinians triumph
• Muslims take it over and it becomes a mosque
• Now used by all
• Built by mathemeticians
• First use of pendatives (supports the dome) (half circle supports)
• Light is an important feature for byzantine church
• Gold mosaic is angled to reflect light (entire bldg. illuminated)

San Vitale - Italy. 526-547 Style: Byzantine

• Domes aren't basillicas
• Dedicated to saint
• Justinian and wife never visited the church
• Justinian and wife seen as always bringing offerings
• Justinian holds plate, participates.
• Bishops and dignitaries are present, as well as fighters of christ
• Justinian positions self as ruler by being in front of everyone.
• Much better jewelry present on Justinian and Wife
• Crown with jewels, much better garments
• Style represents peoples faces instead of their bodies, think about their character rather than to be thought of
• Frontal, pure colors.
• Wife is on the otherside, has her coming into church behind Justinian. Three wise men represented on her dress.

San Vitale Mosaic (definition on slide 3)

Saint Matthew - Lindistare Gospels 896-721. Style: Early Medieval

• Flattened figure (no perspective) sort of like byzantine
• Curtain is done in forshortening (more realistic)
• letter is done in Roman
• Jesus dictating gospel to matthew
• Diction on velumd, written in monastaries

Cho-rho-iota page. Style: Early Medieval

• integration of greek art
• integration of stories into page
• controlled art
• Birth of christ is present
• Eucharist being read as well
• layered art
• Mice eating a waffer "christ"
• Resolves to a saints head.

Saint Matthew, Coronation Gospels 800-810. Style: Early Medieval

• King CHarlemaigne wants to make a roman empire
• Figure wearing a toga, looks roman.
• looks more lifelike.
• Perspective is used to create a realistic figure

Saint Michael's Hildeshiem, Germany. 1001-1031 Style: Early Medieval

• Early Romanesque church. Doors are large and cast entirely of bronze using the lost wax method.
• Depicts scenes from the old testament as well as the new testament.
• Figures are a part of the door.
• Gestures needed to be clear.
• Stories on door so people could see them when they were passing through.
• Would have been polished at one point

Saint Michael's Hildeshiem doors (see card #8 for definition)

Saint-Lazare, Autun, France, ca. 1120-1135 Style: Romanesque

• Pilgrim CHurches
• Churches become bigger to control crowds.
• Act as a palce of refuge.
• Last judgement scene on door, holding their pilgrimate "purses" influenced by byzantine empire
• figures conform to the architecture
• used to instruct, educate
• beginning of working class and trade
• increase in population.

Pentecost, mission of the Apostles. France, 1120-1132 Style: Romanesque

• calling for the crusades
• holy ghost comes from his hands.
• swirles emphasize the holy ghosts "energy"
• use of line and gesture
• dorwn below are all the crazy people you see outside of france
• figures have big ears and strange heads (the crazy people)

Virgin and Child, 12th century. Style: Romanesque

• relequary
• ROmanesque, short, timeless, lack of expression
• emphasis on line
• influence from byzantine empire
• sits as the throne of heaven
• no human emotions
• similair to egyptian style

Gothic Art/Architecture

Three technological inventions!

1. Flying Butresses

2. Ribbed Vaults

3. Pointed Arches

Saint-Denis 1140-1144 Style: Gothic

• lux nuvo (light) used to "disolve away material"
• abbey where all the french kings are buried
• Saint-denis's head was cut off by romans, he picked up his head and said he wanted to be buried at that spot.
• church took fire damage, was rebuilt by Suger (not sugar) and he embelished everything with precious materials, as it should be worthy if it was the resting place of the french kings and the birthplace of christianity for the french.

Chartes Cathedral 1143-1153 Style: Gothic

• has both roman and gothic features
• centered around mary, blanche de castille. (mother)
• has the veil of mary (didn't burn during the fire)
• birth of mary (queen of heaven)
• royal portal (goes off of the book of kings)
• first time seeing emotion depicted on the cathedral
• figures become more humanistic
• figures talking to one another
• has the rose window in the cathedral

Sainte-Chapelle, 1250. Style: Gothic

• Made 90% of glass
• louis the 9th's private chapel
• linked ot his appartments
• has relics such as the crown of thorns, the spear, the sponge soaked in viniger, and a peice of the cross.
• related to the crucifiction of christ.
• Almost all original glass
• Has the French Royal Flower

Blanche of Castille, 1226. Style: Gothic

• Saintly king/good king
• Mother gives him instructions
• thin figures
• tilted heads
• royal colors

Virgin of (mary) Jeanne d'Evreux, from saint-denis. 1339, France. Style: Gothic

• lifelike
• had a crown encrusted in jewels
• reliquary (holds strands of her hair)
• queen of heaven/also mother of jesus christ
• holds the french insignia
• Donated by the king from saint-denis

Salisbury Cathedral 1320-1330 Style: Gothic

• Shorter than other cathedrals
• fewer flying butresses
• facadde "lies", it isnt as wide as it looks on the front of the cathedral.
• Double trancept, center tower.
• More romanesque
• lack of french materials, had to use other materials (no access to limestone)

Death of Virgin Mary, Strausbourg Cathedral, ca.1230 Style: Gothic

• Very emotional, highly dramatic.
• Marys death.
• Christ taking her soul to heaven (in the form of the doll)
• Romanesque churge, but added gothic features to it later.
• suffering of apostles as mary dies.
• naturalism and humanism.

The Castle of love, France. 1330-1350. Style: Gothic

• cupid guarding castle of love
• throwing flowers up at them
• gwenevere and sir lancelot are seen romancing
• inside would have been many jewels
• made of ivory (extremely hard to carve on)
• slaying of dragons on the box
• making fun of eggheads? (aristole and phyllis)