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APUSH
Chapter 14
70
History
10th Grade
12/24/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Withdrawal of the South
Definition
South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas were the first to secede. S.C. was the hotbed of southern separatism.
Term
Establishment of the Confederacy
Definition
Representatives of the seven seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed the new nation - The Confederate States of America (1861)
Term
Crittenden Compromise
Definition
Expanded the Missouri Compromise line. Republicans were not willing to let slavery expand, so it failed.
Term
Fort Sumpter
Definition
General Bearegard was ordered to take Fort Sumpter. After the compromise failed, he made Anderson surrender, and took it. This was the first battle of the Civil War.
Term
Union Advantages
Definition
Transportation system
Industrial system
Term
Southern Advantages
Definition
Defensive War
Wide support
Textile relations with England and France
Term
Economic Measures
Definition
Republicans rule in North
Bank acts » Expansion and State Schools
Transcontinental Railroad
High Taxes
Issuing of Greenbacks
Bonds funded the war
Term
Causes of the Civil War
Definition
Fanatical Agitators vs irrepressible conflict between enduring forces
Agrarian vs Industrial
"Free Labor" fear of the North
Term
Homestead Act
Definition
Citizens purchase 160 acres of land after living on it for 5 years cheaply
Term
Morrill Land Grant Act
Definition
Transferred public acreage to the state governments which could sell land and use proceeds to finance public education » New State colleges and Universities
Term
National Bank Acts
Definition
1863 - 1864
New National Banking System
Banks could join if they had enough capital and gave 1/3 of it to government security. They could then issue United States Treasury notes (greenbacks).
Term
Financing the War
Definition
Levying Taxes
Issuing Paper Currency
Borrowing
Term
Draft Riots
Definition
Rioters who didn't want to be drafted burned down black houses and an orphanage in New York.
Term
Copperheads
Definition
Peace Democrats who opposed the war
Term
Wartime Politics
Definition
Lincoln turned out to be a president who was not easily manipulated
Troops into battle without permission
naval blockade of the south
increased size of army
Union Party vs Copperheads
Term
Wartime Repression
Definition
Lincoln ordered arrests of civilian dissenters and suspended the right of habeas corpus. Anyone who engaged in disloyal practices or discouraged enlistments were subject to martial law.
Term
1864 Election
Definition
At first, Lincoln was worried, because people grew weary of the war. McClellan gained from this, but with the capture of Atlanta, he won comfortably
Term
Ex Parte Milligan
Definition
Military Courts couldn't operate where civilian courts were present
Term
Ex Parte Merryman
Definition
Said that Lincoln couldn't take away habeas corpus - only congress could
Lincoln ignored it
Term
Politics of Emancipation
Definition
Radical Republicans » Abolish slavery immediately
Conservative Republicans » more cautious policy (slave states still part of the union)
Term
Thaddeus Stevens
Definition
Led the Radical Republicans
Term
Confiscation Acts
Definition
1 » all slaves used for insurrection purposes in support of the Confederates, would be considered freed
2 » freed slaves of people supporting insurrection and allowed blacks to serve in the military
Term
Emancipation Proclamation 1863
Definition
Freed all slaves outside of Union Control
Showed that Union was going for abolition
Term
Black Enlistment
Definition
At first, not many, but eventually 186,000
Term
Mistreatment of Black Soldiers
Definition
Menial Tasks, Paid 1/3 less than whites, executed or sent back to masters if captured, worse conditions than whites and many died of disease as a result
Term
Women, Nursing, and War
Definition
Thrust into unfamiliar roles: teachers, salesclerks, office workers, mill and factory hands, and above all nursing.
Term
Dorothea Dix
Definition
Led the US Sanitary COmmission
Term
Louisa May Alcott
Definition
Wrote Little Women
Served as a Nurse
Advocator of women's suffrage
Term
U.S. Sanitary Commission
Definition
an organization of civilian volunteers that mobilized large numbers of female nurses to serve in field hospitals
Term
Mobilization of the South
Definition
1861 - representatives of 7 seceding states met a Montgomery, Alabama. When Virginia seceded, the leaders moved to Richmond.
Term
Confederate Government
Definition
Similar Constitution with acknowledgement of sovereignty of states and sanctioning of slavery.
Weak central government made it difficult to fight a war...
food drafts, impressed slaves
Term
Jefferson Davis
Definition
Voted as president without opposition served six-year terms
Displayed punctiliousness about legal and constitutional requirements
Term
Funding Problems
Definition
The Confederate government didn't know how to raise money, because taxation wasn't enough, and people lost faith in bonds. They printed paper money that caused 9,000 percent increase in prices through inflation.
Term
Raising the Confederate Army
Definition
Until 1861, they asked for volunteers, then in 1862, they issued the conscription act (18-35 3 years). This lasted until 1863.
Term
Manpower shortage
Definition
1864, people felt defeat was inevitable, and the Confederate Army was seriously lacking
Term
Baseball and the Civil War
Definition
Very popular among soldiers on both sides
Said to increase morale
Term
Economic Woes
Definition
Cut of planters from Northern industry
Production dropped by 1/3
Cotton trade lessened by N blockades
Term
New Roles for Women
Definition
Many were single or widowed because of the war, so they were forced to work.
People rethought the idea that women weren't suited for the public sphere
Term
The Commanders
Definition
Lincoln wanted marking of southern armies and not land. Many generals were inadequate, but finally, he found Ulysses S. Grant
Term
Robert E. Lee
Definition
General of the Confederates for a little bit until Davis took over again
Term
Stonewall Jackson
Definition
Important Confederate General after Robert E. Lee
Term
Rebel Yell
Definition
Yell used by Confederate soldiers to intimidate the enemy and boost morale
Term
Role of Sea Power
Definition
Union used advantage to enforce a blockade and assist Union armies in field operations
Term
Union Blockade
Definition
Used blockade to stop Confederates from trading cotton
Captured ports - Wilmington, NC
Term
Ironclads
Definition
The Virginia was used by the confederates to break a blockade of wooden ships. It destroyed two, and scattered the rest.
Term
Merrimac and Monitor
Definition
Merrimac and Monitor were ironclads. Merrimac (Virginia) was captured by Confederates and fought the Monitor. Neither was sunk. Monitor preserved the blockade.
Term
King Cotton Diplomacy
Definition
European countries were likely to sympathize with the Confederates because of cotton, but they had a surplus and didn't want to antagonize the US unless they were certain the Confederates would win. William Seward of the US also played a role in keeping good relations with Britain.
Term
Europe and the Disunited States
Definition
William Seward was a very effective Secretary of State for the Union. He kept the European states happy.
Term
Trent Affair
Definition
Two Confederate diplomats went to Cuba and boarded a British ship called the Trent. Charles Wilkes captured it and brought them to Boston. This angered the British, and they demanded the prisoners and an apology. They received it.
Term
Technology of Battle
Definition
Armaments, communication, and mobilization
Caused much of what happened on the battlefield
Term
Repeating Weapons
Definition
Samuel Colt - revolver 1835
Oliver Winchester - repeating rifle 1860
Term
Importance of the railroad
Definition
Facilitated mobilization of millions of troops
limited generals in location of battles
generals tended to have larger fights because it was more practical
Term
The telegraph
Definition
at first difficult to use, but eventually they worked out ways to communicate on the battlefield
Term
First Battle of Bull Run
Definition
The Union forces expected to win and end the war at once, but a savage counter-attack by the confederates made the Union forces retreat
Term
Wilson's Creek
Definition
First major battle west of the MI
Gave Confederates control of SW Missouri
Term
New Orleans Captured
Definition
Confederate high command expected an attack to come from the north, but came from the south - city was defenseless
Confederates couldn't use it to trade anymore
banking center of the south was in Union hands
Term
Shiloh
Definition
Grant v Johnston & Beauregard
Tennessee river
Union victory - took control of MI river
Term
Virginia Front
Definition
Consisted of McClellan, Pope, Jackson, and Johnston
Could've been successful for the Union, but failed because of wanting leadership.
Term
George McClellan
Definition
Trained 130,000 troops in Washington
Launched a peninsular campaign to capture Richmond by going south of it and working north. It didn't work because of troubles in the north with Pope. He returned with his army and could've won Anietam if he weren't so cautious.
Term
Seven Pines
Definition
City in Virginia near where much of McClellan's campaign took place.
Term
Antietam
Definition
McClellan was very close to defeating Lee, but was too cautious to risk it and therefore lost a chance to defeat many Confederate forces
Term
Battle of Chancellorsville
Definition
General Joseph Hooker went to Lee's army near Fredericksburg. He stayed in the wilderness where Jackson attacked. Hooker was sent back, but Jackson was fatally wounded.
Term
David Farragut
Definition
Aided in the battle of Vicksburg
Term
Vicksburg
Definition
Grant drove through Mississippi to Vicksburg and laid siege where they surrendered cutting the confederacy in half
Term
Gettysburg
Definition
Lee thought that he could divert Union troops north in Gettysburg. Lee lost a third of his army against the Potomac army. This was a turning point in the war.
Term
Battle of Chattanooga
Definition
Union forces were under siege in Chattanooga, but Grant rescued them driving Confederate forces into Georgia. The Union now also wanted to get control of the Tennessee River.
Term
Grant's Strategy
Definition
Grant wanted to use the North's population and material advantage to overwhelm the South. He decided to attack in two places - Richmond and Atlanta
Term
Capture of Atlanta
Definition
Sherman captured and burned Atlanta with some unsuccessful resistance from Johnston.
Term
Sherman's March to the Sea
Definition
Sherman marched and destroyed everything from Atlanta to Savannah. He then looked north into NC. He attempted to break the will of the southern people.
Term
Appomattox Courthouse
Definition
City where Lee surrendered his army to Grant.
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