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APUSH
Chapter 7
76
History
10th Grade
10/11/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Private Schooling
Definition
Generally only accepted males
Also secular
Term
New Educational Opportunities for Women
Definition
Women were educated in order to educate their children... sometimes
Term
Judith Sargant Murray
Definition
Published an essay defending the right of women to education. Said that women and men had equal potential.
Term
Indian Education
Definition
Missionaries and Mission schools proliferated among the tribes.
Jefferson thought of them as "noble Savages"
Term
Washington Irving
Definition
wrote the popular folktales:
Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle
(Shows American Culture separate from England)
Term
Higher Education
Definition
None of the schools were public
22 schools (grew substantially)
Term
Medicine and Science
Definition
Decline of midwives and increase of doctors. Most studied with established practitioners.
Term
Benjamin Rush
Definition
Founding Father, Professor of Medical Theory and Clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania.
Term
Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation
Definition
Americans sought to have a literary and artistic life that would rival the greatest achievements of Europe.
Term
Establishment of a National Culture
Definition
Americans created things that banded them together. i.e. literary works
Term
Noah Webster
Definition
Wrote many dictionaries, thought that children should be taught nationalism in school
Term
Washington Irving
Definition
Wrote Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle
Term
Mercy Otis Warren
Definition
Wrote a collection of poems and plays
Also wrote a history of the Revolution
Term
Religious Skepticism
Definition
People became callous to traditional Religious beliefs
Term
Deism
Definition
Accepted the existence of a God, but considered him to be a remote "watchmaker"
Term
Thomas Paine's "The Age of Reason"
Definition
Criticizes institutionalized religion and challenges the legitimacy of the Bible.
Deistic text
Term
Second Great Awakening
Definition
People thought that society wasn't pious, and thought that they needed to fight the spread of Religious rationalism. Presbyterians and Methodists spread.
Term
Cane Ridge
Definition
A revival in Cane Ridge, Kentucky that lasted several days. (25,000 attended)
Term
Blacks and the Revivals
Definition
Some were allowed to be part
Black Preachers became important to the slave community
Term
Indians and the second Great Awakening
Definition
Caused many Indians to abandon drinking and gamboling- Women move to domestic roles
Term
Handsome Lake
Definition
Had a "rebirth" after years of alcoholism. He called for a repudiation of the individualism of white society, a revival of traditional Indian ways, and the restoration of the communal quality of the Indian world.
Term
Freethinkers
Definition
Thought that opinions should be based solely upon science, logic, and reason.
Term
Eli Whitney's cotton Gin
Definition
Revolutionized the cotton economy of the South by making the processing of short-staple cotton simple and economical.
Term
Impact on the North (cotton Gin)
Definition
Served as an incentive of entrepreneurs to develop a native textile industry
Term
Global Industrial Revolution
Definition
America, England, Europe, and Japan all went through social changes. Life in industrial nations changed on every level.
Term
Transportation Innovations
Definition
Creation of the steamboat and steam engine revolutionized the movement of raw materials
Term
Robert Fulton
Definition
Created the first steam boat
Term
Rapid Growth of Shipping
Definition
Technology allowed for raw materials to be moved to factories and finished products to markets
Term
Robert Fulton's Steamboat
Definition
The Clermont paddled the Hudson River in 1807. It was able to hold passengers.
Term
The Turnpike Era
Definition
Turnpikes had good roads and drainage, but were expensive to use... Turnpikes were built between numerous cities.
Term
Rising Cities
Definition
Philadelphia and New York were comparable to secondary cities of Europe. They were still far behind cities like London and Paris.
Term
Urban Life
Definition
Urban Life brought about affluence- people started seeking more refined lifestyles and activities such as horse racing.
Term
The District of Columbia
Definition
Did not become a massive city as some expected. Stayed as simply a place for sessions of legislature.
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
He was a planter, and a republican. He was a Renaissance man: Politics and diplomacy, architect, educator, inventor, farmer, and philosopher-scientist.
Term
Limiting the Federal Government
Definition
Jefferson reduced the debt by 1/2
He cut down the military and navy a lot, and he reduced taxes.
Term
Challenging the Barbary Pirates
Definition
Jefferson was reluctant to pay the Barbary states of North Africa, but eventually agreed to one final payment. (Jefferson avoided outright fighting)
Term
Judiciary Act of 1801
Definition
Congress repealed this act- eliminating judge-ships appointed by Adams
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
The power of the Supreme Court to nullify acts of congress.
Term
Marbury v Madison
Definition
Marbury wanted Madison to give him the commission, making him justice of the peace. Madison refused. The Court ruled that they had no authority to make Madison do such a thing.
Term
Judiciary Act of 1789
Definition
This was nullified by the Supreme Court during Marbury v Madison when it decided it had no power to decide things such as the delivery of commissions.
Term
John Marshall
Definition
Chief Justice during this time
Federalist appointed by Adams
Fought to give power to the Federal Government... He made the judiciary branch coequal with the legislative and executive branches.
Term
Impeachment of Samuel Chase
Definition
Impeached because of his judging ability, but he was acquitted- set a precedent for the reasons for punishing a judge.
Term
Jefferson and Napoleon
Definition
Jefferson liked the French, but was unaware of Napoleon's attempts to make and empire in North America. They took Louisiana back from Spain. Jefferson decided to make an offer to buy New Orleans. He sent Livingston and Madison.
Term
Toussaint L'Overture
Definition
Leader of the Hatian Revolution
Term
Napoleon's offer
Definition
Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million.
Term
The Louisiana Purchase
Definition
Livingston and Monroe decided to accept the offer even though they didn't have the authority to. They bought Louisiana for 80 million francs.
Term
Jefferson's Quandary
Definition
Jefferson didn't know if he had the authority to accept the purchase. He was told that the treaty making power under the constitution justified it.
Term
Lewis and Clark
Definition
Sent by Jefferson to explore the new territory of Louisiana. They started up the Missouri River from St. Louis
Term
Sacajawea
Definition
Shoshone women who served as Lewis and Clark's interpreter
Term
Zebulon Pike
Definition
Created and enduring and inaccurate account of the land between the Missouri River and the Rockies. (That it was an uncultivatable desert.)
Term
Burr Conspiracy
Definition
Aaron Burr became governor of New York. It was rumored that he supported the plan for the northeast to secede from the union. He fled to the west with General Wilkinson. Jefferson ordered the arrest of Burr, but he was acquitted.
Term
Essex Junto
Definition
Essex Junto was a radical Federalist group who thought it necessary for New England to secede from the nation.
Term
Hamilton and Burr
Definition
Hamilton thought that Burr was guilty of plotting treason. This was a result of the rumors surrounding Burr's plan to secede. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton was killed. Burr fled.
Term
Napoleonic Wars
Definition
In 1803 a war broke out in Europe between France and a number of states. The French were at war Britain.
Term
America's Predicament
(Napoleonic Wars)
Definition
American trade ships were caught by the British blockade or by Napoleons decrees.
Napoleon said that any neutral or British ships couldn't land cargo in any port France or her allies owned.
Term
Impressment
Definition
The British would impress deserters of British ships who moved to America. They checked American ships.
Term
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident
Definition
The American Chesapeake refused to allow the British Leopard to check their ship. The Leopard opened fire, and then took four people off of the Chesapeake
Term
Peaceable Coercion
Definition
Jefferson ended the Embargo after realizing it was a political liability.
Term
The Embargo
Definition
The embargo was an attempt to prevent incidents such as the Chesapeake-Leopard incident. It prohibited American ships from leaving for any foreign port in the world.
Term
Non-Intercourse Act
Definition
Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France.
Term
Indian Problem and the British
Definition
The Indians were reluctant to give up their land, and the British, seeing the threat of war, allied themselves with them.
Term
William Henry Harrison
Definition
An advocate of western settlement, he was appointed governor of the Indiana territory in order administer Jefferson's proposal.
Term
Jefferson's proposal
Definition
Jefferson saw an answer to the "Indian Problem" in a proposal: Indians could become settled farmers and a part of white society, or they could move to the west of the Mississippi. Either way, they would give up their land.
Term
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Definition
The Prophet had an awakening in which he was told the Indians should avoid the white world because it was bad. He united many of the Indian nations. Tecumseh was the prophet's brother. He joined the Indian tribes to "stop white expansion." It was called the Tecumseh Confederacy.
Term
The Battle of Tippecanoe
Definition
When Tecumseh was in the south, Harrison provoked armed conflict with Prophetstown. They suffered equal damage, but Harrison burned down the city.
Term
Florida and War Fever
Definition
The southern states coveted Florida. They thought a war with Britain could supply an excuse to take Florida (owned by Britain's ally, France). Northern and Southern states had war fever.
Term
War Hawks
Definition
Young Congressman in Washington who wanted the war with Britain.
Term
War of 1812
Definition
A war between America and Britain as well as Indian tribes. It was a result of war fever as well as the Chesapeake incident.
Term
The British Invasion
Definition
A British armada went up the Patuxent River from Chesapeake Bay and destroyed Washington. (1814)
Term
Battle of New Orleans
Definition
Andrew Jackson destroyed a British force advancing on New Orleans with minimal damage. The war was already over though.
Term
Francis Scott Key
Definition
He was on board a British ship, negotiating the release of prisoners. He watched Baltimore get bombarded. Baltimore survived, and he was so proud that he wrote "The Star Spangled Banner".
Term
Revolt of New England
Definition
There was a growing opposition to the war and the Republican Government. Some wanted to secede from the Union.
Term
Harford Convention
Definition
Delegates from New England States, led by Daniel Webster, met in Hartford to discuss greivances against the Madison Administration. Secession was in the minority. It seemed silly after the Battle of New Orleans news reached them.
Term
The Peace Settlement
Definition
America and Britain agreed to pretty much just to stop fighting in 1814
Term
The Treaty of Ghent
Definition
An agreement where they would pretty much just stop fighting. America gave up on getting Canada and the renunciation of impressment, and England gave up on a Northwest Indian buffer state.
Term
Rush Bagot Agreement
Definition
Called for the disarmament of the Great Lakes . (1817)
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