Shared Flashcard Set

Details

APUSH - THE REVOLUTION!!!
test 12/8
79
History
10th Grade
12/06/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
DEFINE: casualty
Definition
soldiers that can no longer fight
(killed, wounded, captured/POW, MIA
Term
When did Lexington & Concord occur?
Definition
April 18 & 19
Term
When was the 2nd continental congress?
Definition
May 10, 1775
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Ethan Allen
Definition
-Green Mtn Boys w/ Benedict Arnold
-GMB captured Ft Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain w/o firing shots
Term
Why was Fort Ticonderoga such a key fort?
Definition
Essential to capture Canada
Term
What was the main purpose of the 2nd Cont. Congress?
Definition
pick general in chief of Continental Army(GW)
Term
Who THOUGHT they'd be the commander in chief of the Continental Army?
Definition
John Hancock
Term
When was the birth of the US army?
Definition
June 15, 1775
Term
talk about the discrepancies of the Battle of Bunker/Breed's Hill
Definition
-Initial American fortification on Bunker Hill, but moved to Breed's to be closer to the British
Term
Who commanded the patriots on Bunker hill?
Definition
Samuel Precott
Term
Who were two other men on Revere's mission?
Definition
william Dawes & Prescott
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Joseph Warren
Definition
In charge of rear-guard action on Bunker hill, and more specifically was the guard rear to maintain the ability to escape, especially helpful when when Americans ran out of gunpowder
Term
What battle is associated with Seth Pomeray and Artemis Ward?
Definition
Bunker Hill
Term
Who was the British general who way fancy in everything he did?
Definition
Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne
Term
What was the name of the British general who was very intelligent, but didn't like Cornwallis?
Definition
Henry Clinton
Term
Who was the wife of Burgoyne's subordinate (and had an affair w/ Burgoyne)
Definition
Susan Caulfield
Term
What was the rough ratio of casualties on Bunker Hill?
Definition
2:1
Term
On July 5, 1775, what caused "the die [to be] cast"?
Definition
King refused Olive Branch Petition
Term
What American officers took Montreal in 1775? Who was the British officer?
Definition
Benedict Arnold and Henry Knox...
Montgomery commanded the British
Term
On January 15, 1776, this uberimportant pamphlet was published...
Definition
Common Sense
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Henry Knox
Definition
-helped barnold take Montreal
-read a lot of military books
-took guns from Ticonderoga--> Boston, caused Brits to flee?
Term
On what date was Bunker Hill?
Definition
June 17, 1775
Term
What did Knowlton, Ward, Prescott, ad Stark do in the Battle of Bunker Hill?
Definition
Commanded them damned rebels
Term
Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill significant?
Definition
-Pyrrhic Victory for British, but they still had to retreat!
Term
Where did the British concentrate their efforts after the evacuation of Boston? Why?
Definition
NY; loyalist haven, and surrounded by water
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Richard Henry Lee
Definition
made resolution to officially free the colonies from the British (made on June 7th, passed on July 2nd)
Term
Define: The Battle of Long Island
Definition
-August 27-29
-Howe commanded the British
-Von Knyphausen commanded the Hessians
-GW commanded the Americans
-Fought @ Brooklyn Heights
-British were in a good position to attack until Howe decided to finish them in the morning, and GW + army escaped in the night with them marbleheaders
Term
Who helped the Americans escape the Battle of Long Island?
Definition
John Glover & the Marbleheaders
Term
On 9/11/76, John Adams and Ben Franklin met at THIS place
Definition
Staten Island Peace Convention
Term
Give a quick summary of the Battle of Harlem Heights
Definition
-Sept 16, 1776
-Israel Putnam, Nathaniel Greene, GW v Alexander Leslie
-Americans win, retreat to White Plains
Term
NAME THAT MAN:

NATHAN HALE
Definition
American spy..."my only regret is that I have but one life to lose for my country"
Term
Define: Battle of Valcour Bay
Definition
-October 11, 1776
-Near Lake Champlain
-Benedict Arnold v Pringle, Carleton
-First naval battle
-British victory, but tired out by Arnold, had to rest for the winter
Term
Define: Battle of White Plains
Definition
-GW v Howe (mostly)
-after retreat from Long Island
-GW didn't get higher ground
-British victory
-October 28, 1776
Term
What happened in November of 1776 at Ft Lee?
Definition
Race Across New Jersey
Term
V/F: On July 12, amnesty was offered to the rebels in exchange for surrender
Definition
verum. (GW refused)
Term
Ft Washington was on the NY/NJ side?
Definition
NY
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Charles Lee
Definition
-Actually had combat experience
-thought he was superior to GW
-people wanted him to combine with GW
-captured by British
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Commander of Hessians on 12/26/76
Definition
Johannes Rall
Term
After the Battle of Trenton, Washington's army got ANOTHER victory shortly after, which was...
Definition
-at Princeton on January 3, 1777
Term
What was the significance of the Battle of Trenton?
Definition
-first victory
-improved morale
-GW: "victory or death"
-victory & at Princeton boosted enlistment
Term
What was the goal of Phase One of the Revolution?
Definition
Crush the rebels
Term
What was the objective of Phase Two of the Revolution?
Definition
crush revolution through NE (cradle of rev) via three-pronged attack
Term
Explain the three-pronged attack of the British in phase 2
Definition
-Gen. Burgoyne comes from south, attacking Ticonderoga and going through Canada
-Col. St. Ledger came East from Ontario
-Howe came from NYC in the North to control the Hudson
Term
What went wrong with Col. St Ledger's prong?
Definition
-unreliable NA allies hurt the British when barnold fooled them with a deranged person in the Battle of Ft. Stanwix
-Oriskany was another bad battle on the East side
Term
Define: Battle of Oriskany
Definition
-General Herkimier commanded Americans
-Brant on other side
-One of the bloodiest battles in the revolution
Term
Define: The Battle of Bennington
Definition
-We won!!!
-John Stark is the hero
-reduced Burgoyne's army greatly
-Took away NA support
-deprived Burgoyne of needed supplies,
-factors that contributed to Burgoyne's eventual surrender at Saratoga
Term
How did Howe's prong fail?
Definition
-Howe was mad that he outranked Burgoyne of whom had gotten command of the attack (it was Burgoyne's idea)
-he attacked Philadelphia instead
Term
How did Burgoyne's prong fail?
Definition
-Weakened from Bennington
-Had to defeat D. Morgan, Horatio Gates, & Benedict Arnold at Saratoga
-Burgoyne surrendered 6,000 troops
-meant French aid for Americans
Term
What was the movement to replace GW with Horatio Gates?
Definition
Conway Cabal
Term
Who was the woman engaged to a Burgoyne soldier and killed by NAs associated w/ the British? What resulted from her killing?
Definition
Jane McCrea; enlistments skyrocketed
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Joe Brant
Definition
-executed and ate prisoners
Term
What was the British focus of phase III?
Definition
the south
Term
Why did the British focus on the South?
Definition
-French about to enter the war, and they'd have to fight them for the W. Indies
-wanted to keep close to W. Indies
Term
What battles are Israel Putnam associated with?
Definition
Bunker
Term
What battles are Knowlton associated with?
Definition
Bunker (Knowlton's Rangers)
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Thomas Gage
Definition
Enforced martial law in America, along with Richard Howe
Term
NAME THAT LADY:
Molly Pitcher
Definition
-Molly Ludwig Hayes
-Helped soldiers in Battle of Monmouth
-Took over husband's place when wounded
Term
Define: Battle of Savannah
Definition
-Dec. 1778?- GA taken by British
-lot of casualties
-Casimir Pulaski- largely responsible for cavalry, Polish, died in battle
Term
Why are cavalries nice?
Definition
-faster
-flank enemy formation
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Lafayette (besides French gamecock)
Definition
convinced Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to stay in the war
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
De Kalb
Definition
French officer/general
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Comp de Rochambeau
Definition
General of French forces in America
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
De Grasse
Definition
admiral, battle of capes
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Kosciuszko
Definition
built some fortifications (Polish)
Term
Define: Battle of Charleston
Definition
-costliest defeat of the war
-Ben Lincoln became a POW
-Henry Clinton took over for Cornwallis
Term
Define: Battle of Camden
Definition
-SC
-5,500 American troops ditched by Horatio Gates
-Against Tarleton, Cornwallis
-de Kalb died (significance)
Term
Define: Battle of Monmouth
Definition
-Very, very hot
-commander: henry clinton v GW
-British were evacuating from PA to NYC
-6,000 British troops were sent to FL to protect it
-GW called a council of war and went against Lafayette's advice not to go to war
-Lafayette then decided he wanted to command and upon doing so ordered a retreat
-GW rode forward, VITUPERATED Lafayette, and got shot at a lot
-Hessians had a disadvantage w/ their heavy armor in the heat
-Ended up being a draw
-Huge confidence boost for Americans as soldiers and commanders alike gained more experience
Term
Define: Battle of King's Mtn
Definition
Oct 7 1780
-NC/SC
-Campbell, Johnson v Ferguson
-British loss, wanted revenge (significance)
-Tories trying to surrender fell to American cavalry
Term
Define: Battle of Cowpens
Definition
-SC
-Greene, Morgan (Hero!) v Cornwallis, Tarleton
-Morgan told troops to fire twice and retreat
-militia were usually used on the flanks, but were used in the middle this time
-ended up in Patriot victory (significance)
-Helped morale, made Cornwallis rethink strategy, and slowed the British
Term
Define: Battle of Gulford Courthouse
Definition
-NC
-Greene v Cornwallis
-British Pyrrhic victory (significance)
-Morgan was too ill to fight
Term
Define: Battle of Yorktown
Definition
-VA
-GW wanted to attack NY
-Rochambeau said it was too risky
-De Grasse was on his way to the West Indies, but made a stop at Yorktown
-GW sent counterespionage messages to make people think he was going to NY
-General Clinton thought he'd be attacked in NYC
-couldn't help Cornwallis...stopped by French fleet
-lost major land battle (too risky)
Term
What was significant about the surrender at Yorktown?
Definition
Cornwallis sent his second in command (O'Herra) to present a sword to Rochambeau, of whom gave it to GW, who refused it and said to give it to his second command (Benjamin Lincoln)
Term
Discuss Benedict Arnold's treason
Definition
-Everyone wanted W. Point to control the Hudson
-Americans put chains across W. Point and Constitution Island so that the Brits could not cross
-barnold met loyalist named Peggy Shippen
-GW offered barnold a field command, to which barnold instead asked to command W. Point
-barnold tired the troops at w. point, and WAS going to sabotage them, but was caught
-John Andre was his spy, and was totally caught and his alias (John Anderson) was revealed
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
John Paul Jones
Definition
-Scottish
-"Father of American Navy"
-Father was a gardener to a Spanish Lord
-did not like aristocracy, thus British
-Disciplinarian at sea
-accused of murdering a man
-had to leave to colonies
-went to England during Rev, attacked English towns periodically
-In 1779, Jones fought as captain on the USS Bonhomme Richard against the HMS Serapis
-Bonhomme was sinking
-famous quote: surrender sir? I have not yet begun to fight
-won battle
-Notorious self-promoter
-Relationship with Phyllis Wheatley
Term
Who was John Dickinson?
Definition
-Leading moderate delegate at 2nd cont. congress
-from PA
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Francis Marion
Definition
-"swamp fox"
-harassed the British in the south
-hid out in swamp afterward
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Thomas Sumter
Definition
-Ft Sumter named after him
-used guerilla tactics to harass British
Term
Who were the American delegates at the Treaty of Paris?
Why was their treaty so controversial?
Definition
John Jay, Ben Franklin, and John Adams
...
separate peace from France
Term
What was the Newbourgh Conspiracy?
Definition
-1783- Treaty of Paris had not yet been signed, and Washington still had his troops out
-2nd cont. congress had not adequately paid their soldiers yet
-conspiracy to ditch congress and make Washington king took hold
-Washington heard, stood in front of troops, read letter with glasses, and said, "excuse me, for my service has made me old and gray" to which the soldiers connected with, and immediately felt shame, killing the conspiracy
Supporting users have an ad free experience!