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APUSH review
crash course
347
History
11th Grade
05/02/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Dominion of New England
Definition
revoked the charters of the new england colonies
Term
Navagation Acts
Definition
made the American colonies limit sugar, indigo, and tobacco trades with only England
Term
Sir Edmund Andros
Definition
became the new governor of the colonies after the the dominion of New England
Term
Nathaniel Bacon
Definition
He and his land owner friends rebelled against Berkeley for protecting the Native Americans and burned Jamestown to the ground
Term
First Slaves
Definition
came into VA in 1619
Term
First Slaves
Definition
came into VA in 1619
Term
Middle Passage
Definition
the shipment route from Africa to North America
Term
Stono Rebellion
Definition
S.C 1739 Nearly 100 slaves killed several plantation owners, they themselves were killed or captured
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
Threw James II out of the throne replaced with WIlliam who wanted a parliamentary system
Term
KIng William's War
Definition
1689-1697 New England Troops fought with allies from the Iroquois against French who were allied with the Algonquians. Ended by the treaty of Tyswick
Term
Queen Anne's War
Definition
took place between 1702-1713, Spain was allied with France St. Augustine was burned nobody won.
Term
proprietorships (colonies)
Definition
residents who owned property electing assemblies and appoint their own officials.
Term
Salutary neglect
Definition
Britain was not concern about the colonies and they let them do their own business
Term
Navigation acts (added ones)
Definition
prevented colonist from making textiles(1699), hats (1732), iron products(1750)
Term
Molasses Act
Definition
imposed taxes on imported sugar 1733
Term
1st Great awakening
Definition
1720s-1740s devotion to god spruced and ivy leagues& Rutgers were colleges for ministers; George Whitefield tours the colonies
Term
Albany Congress
Definition
1754 delegates from seven northern and middle colonies met there concerning further westward settlement and NAtive Americans
Term
French and Indian War
Definition
lasted seven years against France and Great Britain started when General Edward Braddock was killed in battle on the Duquesne fort.
Term
Treaty of Paris 1763
Definition
ended the French and Indian War on 1763 ended French influence in the Americas and land given to GB
Term
George Grenville
Definition
Was the P.M of GB after George II died and he wanted to reform the trading policies of the colonies with the Currency Act of 1764
Term
Currency Act 1764
Definition
made it illegal to print money in the colonies. (colonies had no strong currency so it was significant)
Term
Sugar Act
Definition
1764 made sure that the colonist paid a fee for smuggling of the french molasses and made use colonist paid the Brits a duty for all molasses brought into the colonies
Term
Grenville Acts
Definition
made the depression in the colonies even worse
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
purchase stamp on all printed material newspapers, wills, dice, official documents, and countless other written docs.
Term
Quartering Act
Definition
insisted that colonial gov provide food and accommodations for British troops stationed in the colonies
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
July 1965 was created in Boston led by Samuel Adams, demonstrations from them made stamp stamp agents to resign i.e Andrew Oliver
Term
James Otis
Definition
He and Ben Frank. both proposed that the colonist be directly represented in the British Parliament
Term
Stamp Act Congress
Definition
OCT 1765, 9 colonies met together representatives reaffirmed the principles of taxation; only okay if is from within the colonies
Term
Lord Rockingham
Definition
was the new PM of GB who repealed the of the economic taxes
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
stated the Parliament had the right to tax and make rules in all cases whatsoever
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
stated the Parliament had the right to tax and make rules in all cases whatsoever
Term
Charles Townshed
Definition
had a large part in creating the rules concerning the colonies he was also the Chancellor of the Exchequer
Term
Townshed Acts
Definition
1767 created new courts in the colonies, admiralty courts, ordered Brit soldiers to be stationed in port cities, they taxed goods produced in Britain
Term
John Dickinson
Definition
from PA wrote Letters from a Farmer in PA 1767. Said that Parliament had the right to regulate trade but not use it to raise money
Term
Taxation without representation
Definition
quoted by Samuel Adam stating that that was tyranny.
Term
Circular Letter
Definition
Royal gov thought that this was a type of sedition (the doc of sam adams about taxation without representation)
Term
Lord North
Definition
was the PM of Gb in 1770 who repealed all the Townshend Acts except the tea tax to show who was still in command.
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
confrontation where soldiers acting out shot into a crowd of boston ppl who were pelting them with rocks Adams defended the soldiers
Term
Committee of Correspondence
Definition
est. by Sam Adams designed to share information on Brit activities in the Americas
Term
Tea Act
Definition
made tea cheaper for the colonist by making the East India Tea Co. sell tea directly to the colonies
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
Dec 16, 1773 65 men dressed as Mohawks when into the ships and dumped 350 chest of tea in the harbor
Term
Intolerable Acts
Definition
1774 closed the Boston Port except military ships and British ship with clearance, Assembly would be appointed by the king and not voted on, no town meeting without gov consent, quartering acts was back into effect
Term
1st continental congress
Definition
56 delegates from every colony except for Georgia went to Philly on Sept 5, 1774 in response to the intolerable acts
Term
Suffolk Resolves
Definition
Act stated that colonies would continue to boycott English imports and approve the efforts of Massachusetts to operate a colonial gov without British control
Term
Lexington and Concord
Definition
British was sent there under gage to destroy the upcoming rebellion, Britishmen were ambushed as they retreated when they destroyed supply stores
Term
Fort Ticonderoga
Definition
Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain boys captured the fort and dragged the cannons to Boston where they were a decisive factor in forcing the British out in Mach 1776
Term
Second Continental Congress
Definition
Met in Philly in May of 1775 to get ready for war where GW was made commander in chief cuz he was not from MA and that he had experience.They also created currency, foreign relations committee and a continental army
Term
Olive Branch Petition
Definition
Last Peace gesture for the king approved on JUly 5 1775, crown refused it
Term
Common Sense
Definition
Written by Thomas Paine who wrote trash on the crown saying that the entire monarchy system was flawed and that the US was better off without it. 120,000 copies were sold in the first 3 months
Term
Disadvantages of the Continental Army
Definition
poor discipline, frequent desertions, lack of supplies and money, no navy. British had the opposite of those
Term
Advantages of the Continental Army
Definition
GB was old school, guerilla warfare, home territory, attack only when needed
Term
Bunker Hill
Definition
May 1775, Boston, colonist defeated at the expense of 1,000 British dead of wounded
Term
General William Howe
Definition
His tactics were to slowly sweep the colonies to where them down for the revolutionary war
Term
Battle of Trenton
Definition
1776 christmas night Washington defeated the Hessians and also won at Princeton in Jan 3 which motivated the colonist.
Term
Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne
Definition
carried too much equipment that wore them down and they were defeated at Saratoga
Term
Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne
Definition
carried too much equipment that wore them down and they were defeated at Saratoga
Term
Battle of Saratoga
Definition
was crucial point where colonist won and won the aid from the French
Term
Shay's Rebellion
Definition
1786 West MA farmers took up arms and closed gov building and freeing farmers from debtor’s prisons. It was squashed by governmental force.
Term
Northwest Ordinance
Definition
1784,1785,1787 regulated a plan to give territories statehood, it was a way to gain money for the deb accumulated
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
was a rough draft of the constitution which
Term
Bicameral Legislature
Definition
two houses all states had this except for PA and VT
Term
Treaty of Paris1783
Definition
ended the revolutionary war GB recognized American independence and gave all the land in the Current us to the new nation.
Term
Yorktown
Definition
Place of the last battle of the Revolutionary war in VA where Cornwallis surrendered
Term
Cornwallis
Definition
was in charge of the Southern colonies during the revolutionary war. He gave up on the south and tried to take over the two other sections where he was cornered and was not able to fight and finally surrendered
Term
Valley Forge
Definition
177-1778 was the low point for the continental army where cold weather, , and desertion hurt the army
Term
Abigail Adams
Definition
do not put such unlimited power on the hands of the husbands
Term
James Madison
Definition
Wanted 3 branches of gov. and made the Virginia plan was president after Jefferson
Term
Great Compromise/Connecticut compromise
Definition
made the senate the upper house with equal delegates for each state and a lower house ( house of representatives)
Term
3/5 compromise
Definition
3/5 of a state's slave population counted as people
Term
Federalist
Definition
supported the constitution or the new document. They preferred larger government
Term
Anti-federalist
Definition
Those opposed to the federalist views that wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation
Term
Alexander Hamilton
Definition
preferred a strong central government and wanted America to be a manufacturing country
Term
Report on the Public Credit
Definition
Hamilton proposed that the US had the obligation to redeem the notes about the articles of confederation
Term
Declaration of Neutrality
Definition
George Washington made it so that everybody was able to trade with both the English and the French
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
1796 inspired by the french opposed Hamilton b.c they imposed a tax on diluted alcohol which was needed to pay off the debt
Term
Thomas Pickney
Definition
negotiated with Spain which granted navigation rights of the Mississippi River which made farms for the south prosper.
Term
Jay's Treaty
Definition
was a treaty with Great Britain that had mixed results, BG decided to leave some of forts that they had in the interior of America , still there was tension between the two countries that contributed to the war of 1812
Term
XYZ Affair
Definition
named for the unnamed assistants of Talleyrand (PM of France) who asked for the bribe (american diplomats denied the bribe)
Term
Alien and Sedition act
Definition
alien act the president the right to deport any immigrant who was felt to be dangerous to the peace and safety of the US

Sedition Act- administration could ban any attacks on the pres or congress that were "malicious".

Supressed the 1st amendment
Term
Kentucky and VA Resolves
Definition
Proclaimed that sates had the right to not enforce and federal act that was unconstitutional
Term
Twelfth Amendment of 1804
Definition
made so that the President and VP where not chosen by 1st most and 2nd most votes
Term
Revolution of 1800s
Definition
the first time that the there was a transfer of political party power.
Term
Jefferson
Definition
was an anti federalist and he was considered brilliant. He opposed large taxes on goods
Term
Judiciary Act
Definition
Several weeks before Jefferson took over this act was made to create many more fed. courts
Term
Midnight appointments
Definition
made just hours before Adams left, he appointed all Federalist to all of the judges position

Jefferson supporters repealed this right after and also impeached two of the judges
Term
Madison Vs. Marbury
Definition
Marbury was one of the midnight judges but Madison wouldn't let him be the appointed, Court stated that they didn't have the power to make Madison do anything
Term
judicial review
Definition
making the judiciary an equal branch in every way with the executive and legislative branches
Term
judicial review
Definition
making the judiciary an equal branch in every way with the executive and legislative branches
Term
Louisiana Purchase
Definition
was bought from france for 15 Million dollars and it 2x the land of America, he used it to promote west ward exapnsion (Jefferson)
Term
Essex Junto
Definition
group of federalist lawyers who loudly exclaimed against the decline in public and wanted the New England states to secede
Term
Northern Confederacy
Definition
stated that they wanted to leave the nation and seceed after the Louisana Purchase was made
Term
impressement
Definition
British Ships took american sailors from trade ships and was the cause of the war of 1812
Term
Embargo act of 1807
Definition
AMerican ships could not enter the seas until England and France stopped the impressment it caused a larger depression
Term
Non-Intercourse Act
Definition
opened trade with all countries except for England and France
Term
War Hawks
Definition
Young Republicans that supported the war of 1812 led by Henry Clay
Term
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa
Definition
Shawnee tribe leaders joined forces with many other tribes to terrorize the people around the area
Term
war of 1812
Definition
known as the second american revolution, american army only consisted of 6000 at the time.and only navy of 17 ships. Harrison and Andrew Jackson led many victories
Term
Treaty of Ghent
Definition
ended the war restored diplomatic relation between Britain and US but nothing about impressment or neutral trading rights
Term
Hartford Convention
Definition
Federalist met here. They continued to see the war as disastrous to their interest and had suspicious the western leaders. They met only 9 days before the treaty of ghent and when the war ended, they looked foolish
Term
Era of Good Feeling
Definition
1816-1823 the era after the war of 1812 and us was not involved in foreign affairs and enjoyed prosperity
Term
American System
Definition
Proposed by Henry Clay supported by James Madison and also Monroe. it was to make US less independent on Europe such as roads, second national bank, and other big gov. ideas.
Term
Tariff of 1816
Definition
It raised tariff rates to nearly 22 percent which protected American business interest and revenues for improvements in the internal transportation system of US
Term
1808
Definition
slave exportation was banned
Term
Missouri Compromise
Definition
Proposed by Henry Clay in 1820 where Maine became a free state while MI was slave state and anything lower than the 36 degree was slave state
Term
Putting out system
Definition
merchants would buy the raw materials, pay farm families to do the labor and then sell the finished product
Term
Interchangeable Parts cotton gin
Definition
textiles used this and the cotton gin made it possible to harvest a huge amount of cotton.
Term
Lowell System
Definition
Young women from surrounding areas were brought into work
Term
Monroe Doctrine
Definition
1823 America now was a major power and told European countries to stay out of the western Hemisphere
Term
Cherokee Nation Vs. Georgia
Definition
Marshall stated that Native Americans had no real standing in court since they were not a state or a foreign country. but he affirmed that Cherokee had a right to the lands that they possessed.
Term
Indian removal Act
Definition
authorized removal of all tribes east of the Mississippi(1830)
Term
Trail of Tears
Definition
1/3 of the exiled Indians died (indian removal act of 1830) harsh weather where the Creeks had to go through when being removed on this trail.
Term
Second Great Awakening
Definition
reaffirmed role of religion in the lives of the believers 1790-1830s mostly Baptist and Methodist. Timothy Dwight and Charles Finney were popular preachers
Term
Dorothea Dix
Definition
campaigned for better treatment of the mentally ill from 1830s-1840s
Term
1830s-1840s
Definition
there was much reform from temperance movement, Education by Horace MANN, abolitionist movement
Term
The Liberator
Definition
formed by William Lloyd Garrison
Term
American Colonization Society
Definition
Founded in the south in 1817 opposed slavery and wanted contact between blacks and whites,told owners to send the slaves back to Africa (Liberia)
Term
Nat Turner
Definition
A slave in VA organized a slave revolt that killed 60 whites in effect black codes and stronger restrictions on slaves
Term
Andrew Jackson
Definition
first president from the west, known as the common man . He used the Spoils system
Term
Spoils system
Definition
Filling government jobs with political allies
Term
Kitchen Cabinet
Definition
the inner circle of political supporters that Jackson had and had loyalty to
Term
Roger B Taney
Definition
appointed by Jackson as the Chief Justice of the S Court. He approved all of Jackson's decisions
Term
nullification
Definition
in SC people used nullification and Calhoun stated that this was needed to protect states from the potential tyranny of the federal gov
Term
Webster-Hayne Debate
Definition
argued that if nullification were to proceed, "states dissevered, discordant, belligerent; ona a land rent with civil feuds, or drenched... in brotherly blood"
Term
Force Act
Definition
Jackson moved troops to SC to collect he taxes and made it possible that the president could invade into any state to enforce the federal law.
Term
Pet Banks
Definition
local or state banks that Jackson used to move the money from the national bank to.
Term
Panic of 1837
Definition
caused a depression because of the bank wars that was going on between biddle who favored the national bank and Jackson who wanted to crush the bank
Term
Whig Party
Definition
originated from the British Whig party. they favored more gov involvement in economics and wanted industrial growth and
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
God's plan that America expand beyond the Mississippi River. both supported by political and religious leaders
Term
Oregon Trial
Definition
brought settlers to the Oregon territory, many of them went to the Willametter Valley. Ohioan caught Oregon Fever by 1842
Term
Oregon Fever
Definition
Ohioan wanted to move there for the mild climate and the abundance of fur for trading .
Term
Fifty-four-Fourty or Fight
Definition
was the cry that many americans wanted Oregon to be all under American rule
Term
Oregon treaty
Definition
1846 gave most of the Oregon to the Americans from the British
Term
Texas
Definition
was a part of Mexico until the inveted Americans who were supposed to be mexican and be catholics rebelled.
Their Declaration of Independence was issued in 1836
Term
Remenber the Alamo
Definition
Mexican victory but Texans used this fro motivation to win their own independence
Term
Texas Annexation
Definition
was feared by many including Jackson, Harrison, Van Buren b.c it could start issues with Mexico but Tyler did it .
Term
James K Polk
Definition
was the dark horse candidate he was not announce as one of the candidate before the Democratic convention of that year.
Term
Walker Tariff of 1846
Definition
est. a very low tariff on imported goods, delighting many of the South and disgusting many of the northerners
Term
Liberty Party
Definition
James Birney was its presidential candidate only attracted few peoplebut was there to help forster the civil war
Term
Mexican American War
Definition
US went to war for many reasons from thinking the Texas was still part of Mexico, economic interest, but mostly b.c Polk wanted to fullfill the prophesy of manifest destiny
Term
John Slidell
Definition
known for Slidell's mission where he went to Mexico city to Negotiate with the mexican government to buy land from them
Term
General Zachary Taylor
Definition
Was sent as the General to guard the between the Nueces and the Rio Grande where they were ambushed and Polk declared war on Mexico
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Definition
was signed on Feb 2 1848 and officially ended the Mexican American War. Us bought Texas, Ca, New Mexico, and everything in between for 15 million dollars
Term
Wilmot Proviso
Definition
Was passed by the House of Representatives 4 times but rejected by the senate each time . It would have prevented slavery in the new Mexican gotten state/territoty
Term
Free Soil Party
Definition
formed from Democrats and Whigs who opposed slavery in the newly acquired western territories.
Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition
California was to be a slave free state, est. popular sovereignty, also had fugitive slave law which were toughened,
Term
Fugitive Slave Act
Definition
judges in the North determined the fate of blacks that were accused of being escaped slaves
Term
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Definition
written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was written as a response to the Fugitive slave act and demonstrated the immorality of slavery in her novel
Term
Gadsden Purchase
Definition
gave America and additional souther route for trade mostly for railways
Term
Know Nothing Party
Definition
developed in response to the rising immigration from Ireland and Germany were anti Catholic, favored restriction on further immigration and various schemes that would keep recent immigrants from voting.
Term
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Definition
1854 Stephen Douglass let the people of Nebraska and Kansas vote on slavery or not, many people moved last minute to influence the votes and it was pro slavery which caused violent confrontation
Term
Republican party
Definition
exclusively Northern one and was dedicated to the principles of abolition was made up of former Dem. Whigs and free soilers
Term
Bleeding Kansas
Definition
1856 the free soil settlement in Lawrence was attacked and in response, abolitionist John Brown and his followers killed 5 pro slavery settlers,
Term
Dred Scott
Definition
Decided that slaves existing the south into the north did not make them free and stated that once property, always property unless fred
Term
Freeport Doctrine
Definition
maintained that a territory could exclude slavery if the laws and regulations written made slavery impossible
Term
John Brown
Definition
seized the arsenal at Harper's Ferry on OCT 16 1859 with 18 followers, hoping for a slave revolt in VA. He was funded by rich northerners. He was caught trialed for treason and hung
Term
Confederate States of America
Definition
Led by Jefferson Davis first state to join was SC then MIssissippi, Georgia, and FL, ALAbama, TX, and LO joined in
Term
Advantages of the North and South
Definition
North: most of the money was here. production, industrialization. northern railway. most influential banks and markets. higher population.
South: Much larger area. Officer corps such as Robert E. Lee was superior to the officers of the North.
Term
Fort Sumter
Definition
Lincoln sent unarmed ship to fort Sumter only carrying supplies when the southern soldiers attacked.
Term
Crittenden Plan
Definition
Proposed that the fed. gov. guarantee the existence of slavery in any state where it existed and that the slave line stretched to the pacific keeping all over the lines slaves states but not new ones.
Term
Robert E. Lee
Definition
resigned as the general from the Union and he led the Confederate army.
Term
First battle of Bull Run
Definition
Union forces retreated in chaos back towards Washington when trying to take over Richmond
Term
Anaconda Plan
Definition
made a blockade of the southern ports and this became crucial as it needed to make money to support the war. It also took control of the Mississippi river and New Orleans
Term
Battle of Shiloh
Definition
April 6 1862, increadily bloody battle most bloodies battle of America so far.
Term
Merrimack and Monitor
Definition
IronClad ships that didn't do much to each other but they still fought each other
Term
conscription
Definition
required that all males of 18-35 were to be in the army for at least 3 years
Term
Greenbacks
Definition
money that was not backed by gold that was considered legal tender until the end of the war.
Term
Copperheads
Definition
did not approve of the war and freeing the slaves would take all the northern jobs from everybody. many of them were deported from the north.
Term
writ of Habeas corpus
Definition
Lincoln suspended it so that accused would be contained so that they could not escape
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
gave northerners a moral justification. released all the slaves from states that were in open rebellion and it dashed out the possibility that Britain would join in the war on the confederate side.
Term
Battle of Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Definition
the darkest days of the war for the Union with major defeats for Union and was eminent that Union had leadership issues
Term
Battle of Gettysburg
Definition
Lee was defeated by the Union army, commanded by George Meade, bloodiest battle of the war, 24000 casualties suffered by the north and 28000 by the south. Lee was forced to retreat back into VA. Sealed Fate for the Confederates
Term
Gettysburg Address
Definition
speeched that thanked all the people who died on the battle of Gettysburg
Term
General T. Sherman
Definition
captured Atlanta during civil war which helped Lincoln win reelection
Term
Appomattox VA
Definition
where the confederacy surrendered
Term
10% plan
Definition
when 10% of the voters of this state swore loyalty for Washington, they werer remitted to the union this plan was proposed by Lincoln.
Term
Radical Republicans
Definition
determined to punish the southern states in any way possible for their betrayal of to the Union. They were in control after the civil war
Term
Black Codes
Definition
limited movement by blacks, prohibited interracial marriage, and insisted that blacks obtain special certificates to old certain jobs and restricted voting rights
Term
Wade Davis Act
Definition
Congress would only authorize a state government in former confederate states when the majority of voters took an ironclad oath and stating they were loyal to the Union.
Term
pocket veto
Definition
Lincoln killed the the Wade-Davis Bill using his pocket veto power by not signing the bill
Term
Andrew Johnson's Plan
Definition
He opposed amnesty to the leaders of the Confederation he was lenient to the Southern states
Term
Freedman
Definition
former slaves
Term
Freedmen' Bureau
Definition
was designed to to help ex slaves get a job, edu, and general assistance as they adjusted to their new lives
Term
Tenant farmers
Definition
ex slaves could receive 40 acres and a mule but they only worked on somebody else's land and not their own.
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Definition
granted freedmen all the benefits of federal citizenship and promised that federal courts would uphold these rights
Term
13th amendment
Definition
abolished slavery passed on DEC 1865
Term
14th amendment
Definition
declared what was citizenship and that i would be the same in all states was opposed by Johnson but overriden.
Term
Reconstruction Act 1867
Definition
placed southern states in military rule with the south being divided into 5 sections with military general in control of each region.
Term
Army Act
Definition
reduced the control of the president over the army.
Term
Tenure of Office Act
Definition
stated that the president could not dismiss any Cabinet member without the approval of the Senate
Term
Andrew Johnson's Impeachment
Definition
was impeached by the house but escaped impeachment by one vote in the senate
Term
15th amendment
Definition
every male was allowed to vote regardless of skin color, race or previous condition of servitude.
Term
carpetbaggers
Definition
Northerners who moved to the South during reconstruction period
Term
Scalawags
Definition
a Southern White republican during the reconstruction period
Term
Compromise of 1877
Definition
the political event that ended reconstruction. Hayes became president but he had to remove all the all fed. troops from the south and stop the enforcement of much reconstruction era legislation concerning the south. ( Blacks were taken advantage again)
Term
Second Industrial Revolution
Definition
combiantion of new developments in both tech. and business org. which was developed by Laissez faire

It was fueled by production of steel, machinery, and petroleum products.
Term
New South
Definition
foremer sharecroppers went to work in textile factories with stuff manufactured in the north
Term
Taylorism
Definition
emphasized speed and efficiency in the workplace, factory owners were cruel to the workers by timing them and being micromanagers was the ideas of Frederick W Taylor
Term
Ford Motor Company
Definition
first est. in 1903 and by 1910 it produced nearly 12,000 cars per year. they were super fast car makers because of the assembly line
Term
Standard Oil
Definition
was made by Rockerfeller which became an oil monopoly by having no almost no compettiion.
Term
U.S. steel
Definition
made by andrew Carnegie, he started out as a poor child but grew to be rich
Term
Interstate Commerce Act
Definition
passed in 1887 with the intent of regulating the railroads but it was not followed much b.c the committee was made up of old CEOs
Term
Interstate Commerce Act
Definition
was made to regulate railroads, but it generally was not enforced b.c the committee was made up of old Railroad CEOs
Term
Horizontal Integration
Definition
The board of trustees of one company also controlled many other oil producing companies
Term
Vertical Integration
Definition
when the company was in charge and owned the the process from natural resource to the final product
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
The rich would rule and the weak would die off economically
Term
Gospel of Wealth
Definition
Stated that God gave them the power and wealth to those who most deserved it.
Term
Knights of Labor
Definition
major Union that Formed in 1870s formed in Philliy, they welcomed whites, blacks, women,skilled, and unskilled it peaked 750000 in the mid 1800
Term
Haymarket Riot
Definition
downtown chicago in May 1 1886 100000 workers turned to support strikers . Police and milita made were called to sedate the crowd7 dead and 70 wounded
Term
AFL
Definition
next major national labor union made up of almost only skilled workers
Term
IWWW
Definition
Industrial workers of the world Miners in the west engaged in this it was close to the knights of labor. Many were considered Wobblies who included MOther Jones, Who org. coal miners, and Big bIll Haywood of tghe Wester Federation of Miners
Term
1880s-1890s new immigrants
Definition
were usually from non english speaking countries and were from poorer european countries such as Jewish Russia, Italy, and easter Europe.
Term
Angle Island
Definition
was the West Coast version of Ellis Island where 14000 Chinese laboreres had been recruited to build the transcontinental railroad
Term
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Definition
prohibited any new Chinese laboreres from entering the country
Term
Webb Alien Land Law
Definition
1913 prohibited Asians who were not citizens from owning land anywhere in the state.
Term
Bessemer Steel
Definition
steel girders could now support taller buildings and the first elevators began to be installed in buildings in the early 1880s
Term
Gilded Age
Definition
period between 1875-1900 implies that a thin layer of gold covering all the problems of the time including the poverty in the time of incredible wealth and political corruption
Term
Spoils System weaknesses
Definition
allowed the victorious party in any election to reqard their loyal supporters by giving them gov. jobs
Term
Rutherford B. Hayes
Definition
did not follow the spoils system and turned Chester Arthur away from his spot b.c of patronage.
Term
Chester A. Aruthur
Definition
urged congress to pass legislation the Pendleton Civil Service Act and the Civil Service Commission
Term
Pendleton Civil Service Act & Civil Sercive Commission
Definition
test applicants and ensure that gov jobs were give to those who were qualified to get them
Term
Jacob Coxey
Definition
Coxey's Army did little to affect gov. policy in Washington although it did represent the distress felt by unemployed Americans
Term
political machines
Definition
organizations that were designed to keep a certain party or individual in power.
Term
Tammany Hall
Definition
William Marcy Tweed ran NYC bilked the city treasury broke.
Term
Thomas Nast
Definition
used his political cartoon to bring Tweed down and send him to jail although Tammany Hall politics ran for a while
Term
Looking Backward
Definition
1888Edward Bellamy, Wished that the ruthlessness and the mean bosses be replaced with cooperation between bosses and laborers
Term
Jacob Riss
Definition
published How the Other Half Lives, it showed how slum life in NYC was and it had many photos which made it super effective
Term
Upton Sinclair
Definition
Wrote The Jungle 1906, it was an expose of the meat packing industry
Term
Seward's Folly
Definition
People thought that Seward was dumb that he bought Alaska which was thought be a huge cube of ice which was wrong.
Term
Queen Liliuokalani
Definition
Rejected the idea of turning Hawaii into a state, in 1893 US marines and pro-american sugar planters overthrew the queen and declared Hawaii to be a republic then to be a US state.
Term
Open-Door policy
Definition
1899 allowed all foreign nations including the US to est. trading relations with China, this was asked by John Hay who was the secretary of State under McKinley
Term
Naval Act of 1900
Definition
authorized the construction of battleships that would be offensive in nature
Term
The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Definition
Captain Alfred T. Mahan who in 1890 wrote it, it stated that economic success would have to be in expansion of markets abroad
Term
White Man's Burden
Definition
felt it was their duty to civilze the inferior races of African and asia
Term
Spanish-American War
Definition
"splendid little war" began in 1868 when Cuba revolted against Spain
Term
Reconstruction
Definition
sent 150000 troops (Spaniards) and they guarded potential American allies and rebels
Term
Yellow journalism
Definition
used photos and emotion to sell the newspaper to make it seem interesting.
Term
jingoism
Definition
developed in America' this combined an intense America nationalism with a desire for adventure abroad
Term
USS Maine
Definition
1898 the Maine was sunk by an explosion but McKinley thought this was sabotage and so did NY newspapers
Term
Rough Riders
Definition
Most famous event of the Spanish AMerican War, went up San Juan Hill and took over it (PR)
Term
Treaty of Paris (relating with the SPANISH american war)
Definition
gave Cuba independence, gave Guam, P.R, Phillipines, and $20 million dollars to the Americans
Term
Teller Amendment
Definition
stated that America would not annex Cuba and kept Cuba in a military gov until 1901 till it drafted it own constitution.
Term
Platt Amendment
Definition
document that stated that Cuba would not enter into other agreements with other countries unless there was clearance from the US
Term
Panama Canal
Definition
would link the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans that was first claimed by the French Co., America recognized Panama as an independent coutnry and sent the big white fleet after them
Term
Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty of 1904
Definition
The US was give 10 mile wide area on which they planned to build the canal in exchange, US gave 10 million to Panama
Term
Roosevelt Corollary
Definition
stated that the US had the right to interveine in anywhere in the western hemisphere which they thought that "did harm to the US"
Strenghen American power in Latin america and caused the saying Yankee go home
Term
Dollar Diplomacy
Definition
state that American investment abroad would ensure stability and good realtions between America and nations abroad.
Term
Social Gospel
Definition
movement flourished, movement had its origin in Protestant efforts to aid the urban poor and advocated christianity
Term
Muckrakers
Definition
Newspaper editors that discovered and exposed corruption, they increased in numbers and unethical practices became common in most newspapers.
Term
Ida Tarbell
Definition
wrote the corrption she found in the Standard Oil Trust Co.
Term
Lincoln Steffens
Definition
exposed political corruption found in American cities in "The Shame of the Cities"
Term
Robert La Follette & Hiram Johnson
Definition
From Wisconsin and CA respectively, introduced reforms in their states that allowed citizens to have a more direct role in the political process.
Term
17th amendment
Definition
allowed voters instead of the stat to directly elect US senators 1913
Term
Initiative process
Definition
allowed citizens to propose a new law, if enough votes, it would go to the next ballot
Term
referendum process
Definition
allowed citizen to vote on laws that were considered for adoption
Term
recall process
Definition
allowed voters to remove an elected official before their term was up
Term
Direct Primary
Definition
allowed party members to vote for prospective candidate instead of have them picked by the party boss
Term
National Consumers League
Definition
1899 founded by Florence Kelley it was mostly women that lobbied at the state and national level for legislation that would protect both women and children at home and in the workplace
Term
Hull House
Definition
1889 Jane Addams and Ellen Gates starr found them in chicago which would become a model for settlement house construction in other cities.
Term
Anti Saloon League
Definition
members felt supported temperance, and thought that it was a woe for the lower classes and the cause of the woes.
Term
National Woman's Party
Definition
was a radical group formed in 1916 by Alice Paul it was a crucial role for suffrage after WWI
Term
National American Woman's Suffrage Association
Definition
supported feminism and they were also crucial to push for women's suffrage
Term
Margaret Sanger
Definition
a radical feminist that was a nurse in NYC and taught about birth control
Term
Muller Vs. Oregon
Definition
was ruled to set limits on the # of hours a woman could work
Term
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Definition
In NY where 117 dead when the factory lit on fire and the girls were locked in the building
Term
Square Deal
Definition
made of the Hepburn Act which gave was to the Interstate Commerce Commission, Pure Food and Drug Act, and the Meat Inspection Act
Term
Sherman Antitrust Act
Definition
been in place since 1890 but never used until Roosevelt used it
Term
Trust buster
Definition
name for Roosevelt (theodore) b.c he sued the Standard Oil Co, the northern securities, and the American Tobacco Co. he took down 45 companies
Term
US Forest service
Definition
acted to set aside 200 million acres of land for national forests
Term
16th amendment
Definition
1913 authorized the collection of federal income taxes which were collected from the wealthy mostly.
Term
Ballinger Pichot Affair
Definition
Ballinger was back handed land from Alaska but Pichot who was head of the Forest Service denounced him, Taft fired Pichot.....Taft was labeled anti enviromental
Term
Election of 1912
Definition
Taft vs Roosevelt vs. Wilson Wilson won
Term
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Definition
continuation of the Sherman Antitrust Act and outlawed certain specific business practices
Term
Federal Trade Commission
Definition
1914 was to enforce the anti trust laws
Term
Federal Reserve system
Definition
est. 12 different reserve banks was meant to protect American economy against future panics
Term
D.W Griffith
Definition
maker of birth of a nation which was made in 1915 that was anti black and for white supermacy
Term
Allied Power WWI
Definition
France Russia and GB and US
Term
Central Powers WWI
Definition
Germany,austria hungary, and italy
Term
National security league
Definition
was to instill patriotism in Americans and psychologically prepare Americans for war.
Term
Lusitania
Definition
was a British passenger ship that was sunken by a U boat, 128 americans died in it (there was weapons in it and Germans warn them though)
Term
The Arabic
Definition
was another passenger liner that was sunken by the Uboats which then caused the Arabic pledge which they promised to stop sinking passenger ships
Term
Sussex Pledge
Definition
Germany pledge to no more sink ships without prior warning.
Term
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Definition
Germans would sink any ship from any nation that is trying to get into Allied ports
Term
American Expeditionary Force
Definition
landed in France in June 1917 under John J Phershing, they were there only to boost the morale of the Allies
Term
convoy system
Definition
navy developed special boats that were able to destory submarines, this helped by drastically reducing the damage made by the German U boats
Term
Battle of Chateau Thierry
Definition
Americans were successful at preventing the Germans from coming into the Marne and getting into Paris
Term
Meuse Argonne Offensive
Definition
1918 cut the supply lines of the German army and convinced the German general staff that victory was impossible
Term
Liberty Bonds
Definition
buy it for 10 dollars and get it back for 13 when it matured, Charlie Chapline made speeches and short films for it for WWI
Term
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act
Definition
1917began to regulate food consumption headed by Hoover during the "Great War"
voluntary things such as no meat tuesday was carried out and so was wheatless monday
Term
War Industries Board
Definition
Bernard Baruch headed attempted to sstimulate production for war by allocating materials and by strict production controls.
Term
Committee on Public Information
Definition
Headed by George Creel, they spread anti-German and Pro Allied propaganda through newsreels and lectures and the press
Term
National Security League
Definition
conviced Congress to insist on a lieracy test for all immigrants, made sure that nothing german like existed i.e music, art, dance...
Term
Espionage Act
Definition
1917 made it illegal to people could not escape being draft and letter of declination got you seized
Term
Sedition act 1918
Definition
made it illegal to criticize the gov. the constitution, the US army, or the Navy 1000 Americans were found guilty
Term
Great Migration
Definition
nearly 600,000 blacks moved north to find jobs, During WWI and many lived in Harlem
Term
Big Four
Definition
reps of GB, France, Italy, and the US
Term
14 points
Definition
Wilson called for open peaceful treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, arm reduction, a reduction of colonial claims, and some sort of a world org to ensure peace.
Term
League of Nations
Definition
Wilson's intended plan to avoid future wars with the Allies joining it and Russia
Term
irreconcilables
Definition
opposed American membership into the League of Nations
Term
reservationist
Definition
wanted restriction on American membership in the League and was led by Henry Cabot Lodge
Term
advertising age
Definition
it started during the 1920s by stating that if somebody wanted to live the good life they needed to get the latest thing
Term
Presidents on the 1920s
Definition
Harding and Coolidge both Repubs. probusiness
Term
Washington Conference of 1921
Definition
diplomats from the diplomats from US Japan, China, Holland, Belgium, Portugal, France, GB and Italy met to discuss the possible elimination of further naval development and affairs in China and the rest of Asia
Term
Revenue Act of 1921
Definition
the administration proposed large reductions in the amounts of taxes that the wealthiest Americans would pay
Term
Andrew Mellon
Definition
"The Richest man in America" was appointed the Secretary of Treasury many of his policies increased economic pain of the working class while benefiting the rich (douche)
Term
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Definition
1922 increased the tax on industrial products but the largest tariff was on imported farm goods to shut the farmers up
Term
Teapot Dome
Definition
Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall maneuvered to have two oil deposits put under the the Dept. of the Interior, , Fall then leased these reserves to private Col and got large money from them.
Term
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Definition
headed by Marcus Garvey stating for people to go with him to Africa and make a new country, nobody went and he was arrested for fruad
Term
KKK (1920s)
Definition
grew tremendously during the 1920s as a form of resistance but died by 1925 it wasn't in the south but anywhere rural
Term
Red Scare of the 1920s
Definition
great paarnoia thinking that everything around them that was wrong as soviet caused
Term
Palmer Raids
Definition
thousands of Americans were arrested for no crime other than being a not born here carried out by general Mitchell Palmer
Term
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Definition
limited Immigration to 3 percent of the number of person each country had living in the US in 1910.
Term
National Origins Act of 19224
Definition
no more than 150000 new immigrants could come from outside of the Wesstern Hemisphere, no more than 2% of the foreign ppl living here in 1890 from those countries
Term
speakeasies
Definition
were frequented by the popo and city officials in many locations
Term
Scopes Trials
Definition
John Scopes was teaching Evolution on purpose and he got into trouble
Term
Celebrities of the 1920s
Definition
Boxer Jack Dempsey, Rudolph Valentino, Charlie Chaplin, Clara Bow, Mary Pickford.
Term
Charles Lindbergh
Definition
flew accross the Atlantic solo 1927
Term
The Jazz Singer
Definition
starring Al Johnson became the first talking motion picture which was a huge trend
Term
KDKA
Definition
was the first radio station stationed in Pitssburg
Term
The Man Nobody Knows
Definition
portrayed Christ as a businessman written by Bruce barton 1925
Term
Main Street and Babbit
Definition
Novels in which Sinclair Lewis attacked the materialism and narrow thinking of middle class business types in small town america
Term
The Great Gatsby
Definition
writen by F. Scott Fitzgerald who celebrated the Jazz Age and wrote it
Term
H.L. Mencken
Definition
criticized the America society as an ignorant mob and wad disdainful for the booboise (boo shwa zzz)
Term
Harlem RENAISSANCE
Definition
LANGSton hughes, Bessy Smith, Zora Neale Hurston, Louis Armstrong wrote on the role of blacks in contemporary American society
Term
Agricultural problems of the 1930s
Definition
Farm prices were extremely high during the WWI, then dropped after the war and never went up
Term
Hoovervilles
Definition
settlements shacks made from scrap metal or lumber usually located on the outskirts of the cities
Term
Dust Bowls
Definition
Massive Dust storms due to unconditioned, over farmed land and droughts that attacked OK, Kansas, Nebraska, Co and Texas.
Term
Haeley Smoot tariff
Definition
the highest import tariff ever est by US that was supposed to help the farmers but instead, the Europeans raised their own tariffs and the depression went worldwide
Term
Reconstruction Finance Corp
Definition
gave money to banks who were authorized to loan money to businesses and railroads.
Term
Bonus Army
Definition
22,000 unemployed WWI vets came to Wash. to ask for their money that was due in 1945, Wash. said no and tear gased them and burned their houses(cheap ones)
Term
fireside chats
Definition
radio addresses where FDR spoke to the listening audience as if they were part of the family
Term
Brain Bust
Definition
FDR's able cabinet of unofficial advisors that he got help from and tested out ideas
Term
first 100 days
Definition
FDR countless programs were proposed by the administration and passed by congress that attempted to stimulate the economy.
Term
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp FDIC
Definition
made by the banking act which insured the bank deposits of individual citizens.
Term
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Definition
led by Harry Hopkins it was to help ppl find work thousands hired from funds distributed to sates by the Public Works Administration (many schools, highways, and hospitals were build under it)
Term
CCC Civilian Conservation Corps
Definition
employed over 2.5 million young men. This was a forest and conservation program . Ppl were paid small amounts
Term
National Industry Recovery Act NIRA
Definition
was est. to try to stop falling prices in industry, both owners and union leaders in each industry would meet to set commonly agreed on prices, wages, working hours, and working expectations.
Term
Schechter vs. US
Definition
NIRA was declared unconstitutional and had largely lost its effectiveness by then though.
Term
Agricultural Adjustment Administration AAA
Definition
attempted to stop the sharp decline infarm prices by paying farmers not to produce certain crops and livestock
Term
Tennessee Valley Authority
Definition
authorized the construction of a series of dams that would ultimately provide electricity and flood control to that area.
Term
Resettlement Administration
Definition
est. in may 1935 part of 2nd new deal offered loans to small farmer who faced foreclosure.
Term
Works Progress Administration WPA
Definition
took people that were on relief and employed them for 30-35 hours a week . engaged in construction projects like schools and buildings
Term
wagner Act
Definition
reaffirmed the rights of workers to org. and to utilize collective bargaining.
Term
Social Security Act
Definition
was a retirement plan for the olderly over 65
Term
American Libery League
Definition
led by former presidential candiddate Al Smith and several very influential business figures including the Du Pont family. Equated the communist to the New Deal
Term
Revenue Act of 1935
Definition
increased the tax rate for those making over 50,000.
Term
EPIC End Poverty in California
Definition
California would have all the factories and farms under state control .
Term
Father Charles Coughlin and HUEY Long
Definition
biggest and most vicious opponents of the New Deal stated the Roosevelt was a Liar and the great betrayer he later praised hitler, hated jews, and like Mussolini
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