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APUSH Ch. 6-9
Second test
37
History
11th Grade
09/25/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Albany Congress
Definition
  • Delegates from several colonies met up with Iroquois leader in order to:
    • Try to establish an alliance with the Indians
    • Unite the colonies
  • Ben Franklin did the "Join Or Die" cartoon
    • Against the FR, not ENG
  • Failed at both goals
    • Colonies wanted to stay separate
Term
French and Indian War
Definition
  • Also called Seven Years' War
  • Fought in Am and Eu
  •  1754-1763
  • Fr was hard to fight b/c set up trading posts and forts
  • Eng settlers got grants for OV and Fr viewed it as invasion
  • GW and othes go to OV
    • tried to capture Fr fort, but Fr reinforcements arrived and did not win
  • General Braddock=bad Eng general who led them to a defeat in battle
  • Eng went after Canada
  • Eng defeated a lot until William Pitt took over
  • Battle of Quebec fought in 1759
    • Big Eng win
  • Settled by Treaty of Paris in 1763
  • Effects on Am:
    • military experience
    • gained more confidence
    • No more Frs and less of an Indian threat
    • Depend less on Eng
  • Effects on Eng:
    • End of Salutary Neglect
    • Thought colonies should pay their part
    • Angry at colonies for not being dependent
Term
Iroquois
Definition
  • Group of 5 tribes
  • Brought to the Albany Congress to negotiate with colonies
    • bribed to support colonies
    • Took bribes and said that they wouldn't support
Term
New France
Definition
  • Fr extend empire to Quebec
  • Gov't directly under king
  • Catholic
  • Most valuable resource: beaver
    • fur-trappers made lots of $
Term
Samuel Champlain
Definition
  • Father of New Fr
Term
Treaty of Paris
Definition
  • Treaty that ended the FIW
  • Eng gets a lot of land
  • Fr loses all land in Am
  • Sp gets Louisiana
  • Eng ends Salutary Neglect
Term
Pontiac Rebellion
Definition
  • 1763 Indians massacred colonists
  • In retaliation, colonists  gave Indians blankets with smallpox
Term
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
  • Law passed by Par that said that colonists couldn't settle W of the App Mtns
  • Supposed to be because of Indian threat
  • Put Am under strict eco and polit control of Eng
  • Colonists were angered by this
Term
William Pitt
Definition
  • The leader of govt that turned around the FIW
  • Known as Great Commoner and Organizer of  Victory
  • Concentrated efforts on Quebec and Montreal
  • Chose young and energetic leaders
Term
Writs of Assistance
Definition
  • General search warrants given to Eng officials in Am
  • Officias could search anywhere for smuggled goods for no reason
  • Angered colonists
Term
Admiralty Courts
Definition
  • Where colonists were tried for disobeying tax laws
  • Guilty until proven innocent
  • No jury
Term
Baron Von Steuben
Definition
  • Prussian guy who came to Am to train our soldiers
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
  • The colonists formed a mob and started throwing ice and stuff at Eng officials, who then fired
  • Several Ams died/were mortally wounded
  • John Adams defended the Engs  on trial
  • Blown out of proportion by Paul Revere
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
  • Dressed as Indians, the Sons of Liberty
Term
boycott
Definition
to not buy any of something in an attempt to protest
Term
Townshend Acts
Definition
  • 1767 put taxes on americans
  • the point was
    • to raise revenue in the colonies to pay for governors and judges who would be independent of colonial control,
    • to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations,
    •  to punish the New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act and
    • to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies.
Term
Committees of Correspondence
Definition
  • organized by Sam Adams in 1772 in MA
  • Purpose: to spread the spirit of resistance by exchanging letters and thus keeping alive opposition to GB
  • soon intercolonial ones were formed
  • Developed into firstAmerican congresses
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
  • Affirmed Parliament's right to bind the colonies in all cases
  • Basically GB saying that they have complete control over the colonies
Term
First Continental Congress
Definition
  • Met in Philadelphia in 1774 to address Intolerable Acts
  • Created The Association which created a complete boycott of all British goods
    • nonimportation, nonexportation, nonconsumption
  • not calling for independence-- only wanted unfair legislation to be repealed
  • king george ignored their petition
Term
Intolerable Acts
Definition
  • Parliament passed them in 1774
  • branded as the "massacre of American Liberty"
  • Most of chartered rights of colonial Am
  • Restrictions placed on town meetings
  • enforcing officials who killed colonists in the line of duty went to britain for trial
    • sig because they would probably be acquitted in their home country
  • new Quartering Act which gave local british authorities to lodges soldiers anywhere
  • As a result, first continental congress was called
Term
Lord North
Definition
  • King George III's prime minister
Term
Loyalists
Definition
  • Supported GB and fought for them in the AmRev
  • approx 16%
  • more numerous among the older generation
  • thought selves superior to patriots
  • appealed to people of modest means who identified withGB and feared for Am win
  • Ethnic minorities often sided with GB because they thought there would be more religious toleration
  • slaves also joined because they were hoping thatGB would liberate them
  • after the AmRev, many fled to GB
  • king's officers etc-- they knew where they "got their bread from"
  • giant blunder of GB not to make full use of them during the AmRev
Term
Marquis de Lafayette
Definition
  • french dude who trained the Am army
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
  • Believed that wealth = power  and a country's eco power could be measured by the amount of gold/silver in the treasury
  • country needed to export more than it imported
  • colonies could supply raw material and could provide a market
  • passed laws to enforce this system
  • inflicted a currency  shortage in colonies
  • GB made colonies only trade with them
  • caused smuggling
  • ams did get benefits
    • got a lot of money selling tobacco
    • GB paid ship manufacturers
    • got the protection of GB's army and navy
  • but it stifled eco initiative and caused dependency on GB
  • Ams felt that they wern't allowed to reach full potential
Term
Molasses Act
Definition
  • act passed to stop Am trade with Fr West Indies
  • Ams responded by smuggling
Term
Navigation Acts
Definition
  • Laws passed enforcing mercantilism
  • PM George Grenville enforcedthem, which greatly angered colonists
Term
No Taxation without Representation
Definition
  • Colonists felt that the taxes were unfair because they were not directly represented in Parliament
  • However, they did not actually want to have a person in congress because then they would lose anyway by being outnumbered and they would no longer have moral backing
Term
Quartering Acts
Definition
  • 1765 some colonies were ordered to provide food and quarters for british troops
  • later as part of the Intolerable Acts
Term
Quebec Act
Definition
  • passed right when the Intolerable acts were passed in 1774
  • French in Canada guaranteed religious freedom
  • permitted to retain many old customs
  • did not include rep assembly or trial by jury
  • boundaries extended
  • French Canadians liked it
  • But Ams thought it was horrible
    • by denying assemblies and jury, thought it would set a precedent
    • anti-catholics hated it
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
  • after FIW, GB had huge debt, mostly b/c of defending  colonies
  • required offenders to be tried in admiralty courts, which had no jury
  • caused the cry of "no taxation without representation"
  • colonists were furious
Term
Stamp Act Congress
Definition
  • brought together colonies
  • drew up statement of their rights and grievances
  • wanted king/par to repeal
  • didn't really make a diff at first
  • began to erode sectional suspicions
  • sig: step towards colonial unity
Term
Sugar Act
Definition
  • Another tax, blah blah blah
  • Was the first tax passed by par that raised tax revenue for the crown for colonies
Term
Tea Act
Definition
  • paid the salaries of governors and british judges
  • colonists did not take the tax as srsly as the stamp act because it waslight and indirect, because they could smuggle
  • then the East India company created a monopoly and making tea cheaper, which the colonists saw as GB trying to get them to accept the tax
  • strong opposition
  • resulted in tarringandfeathering of tax collectors
  • also cause the boston tea party
Term
Bunker Hill
Definition
  • In June 1775 the colonists seized a hill
  • GB attacked with 3,000 men
  • Ams totallycut them down,resultingin alot of blood
  • then their gunpowder ran out and they were foced to abandon the hill
Term
Common Sense
Definition
  • Written by Thomas Paine
  • said that Ams should rebel
  • shouldn't have to be ruled over by GB
  • incredibly influential
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
  • Written by TJeff
  • Ideas came from Richard Henry Lee
  • invoked "natural rights" of humankind
  • made a long list of King George's misdeeds
  • Helped get foreign aid
  • inspired revs around the world
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