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April 3
Chapter 7 (227-237)
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/26/2013

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Term
Functions of muscle
Definition
move body parts
maintain body posture
adjust the volume of hollow structures (bladder, blood vessels)
move substances within the body
produce heat
Term
Skeletal muscle
Definition
Location- attached to bones
Appearances- long, cylindrical fibers, thin, striated, multiple nuclei
control- voluntary
contraction- rapid contraction and relaxation
fatigue?- yes
Term
Cardiac muscle
Definition
location- heart
appearance- branching cylindrical fibers, striated, single nucleus
control- voluntary
contraction- moderate
fatigue?- no
Term
Smooth muscle
Definition
location- walls of blood vessels, visceral organs
appearance- small cells, sometimes branched, not striated, single nucleus
control- involuntary
contraction- slow; can maintain for extended periods
fatigue?- no
Term
myoblast
Definition
immature muscle cells
several of these fuse together to produce each skeletal muscle fiber
Term
satellite cells
Definition
adult muscle cells
cannot divide
can be activated by exercise, injury, or disease to produce new myoblasts that fuse to form new muscle fibers
Term
sarcolemma
Definition
cell membrane
contains cell's contents and shields cell from extracellular environment (important in muscle contraction)
Term
T-tubules
Definition
tunnels deep into the interior of the muscle fiber
action potential travels down these, which enable them to reach every part of the fiber virtually simultaneously to trigger a coordinated muscle contraction
Term
myofibrils
Definition
slender, thread-like organelles that accomplish the work of muscle contraction
each is a bundle of different proteins that runs the entire length of the muscle fiber
each muscle fiber contains hundreds or thousands of these
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
a lacy network of fluid-filled tubules similar to the SER
stores calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
generate ATP that fuels muscle contraction
Term
Endomysium
Definition
sheath of connective tissue that covers, insulates, supports, and protects skeletal muscles
Term
Perimysium
Definition
thicker, tougher sheath of connective tissue
Term
Epimysium
Definition
touch and very substantial outer layer of connective tissue that covers groups of fascicles that form muscles
binds together to form a strong collagenous tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Term
motor unit
Definition
comprises a somatic motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers it controls
Term
neuromuscular junction
Definition
when a single synaptic bulb meets a skeletal muscle fiber at a chemical synapse
components: synaptic bulb of a neuron, the motor end plate of the muscle fiber, the synaptic cleft
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
every skeletal neuromuscular junction uses this neurotransmitter
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