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applied genetic
chapter 27 bio
25
Biology
10th Grade
06/04/2012

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Term
mutation
Definition
sudden change in structure or amount of genetic material
Term
mutagen
Definition
factors that cause mutation ex) chemicals radiation uv rays
Term
gene mutation
Definition
change in sequence of bases in a gene casuing a polypeptide to change
Term
point mutation
Definition
gene mutation where a single mucleotide has been changed
Term
frameshift mutation
Definition
nucleotide is added or deleted shifting the triplets
Term
translocation
Definition
it is the transfer of a part of a chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome
Term
inversion
Definition
piece of chromosome is rotated
Term
addition
Definition
piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to a homologous chromosome
Term
deletion
Definition
portion of the chromosome is lost
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
failure of homologous chromosomes to separate correctly during anaphase
Term
polyploidy
Definition
multiple of normal chromosome number
Term
jumping genes
Definition
genes that move from one chromosome to chromosome
Term
sex-linked disorders
Definition
found on chromosome 23
Term
hemophilia
Definition
inability to clot your blood
Term
karyotyping
Definition
genetic makeup of a cell's chromosome by photographing a cell
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
taking a long needle and removing amionic fluid
Term
chorionic villus sampling
Definition
taking a piece of the placenta and examining it
Term
ultrasound
Definition
using sound waves to get a visual of the fetus
Term
fetoscopy
Definition
a very small camera with a light used to take pictures of the fetus
Term
selection
Definition
a breeding method that is a process of choosing organisms with the most desirable traits for mating
Term
inbreeding
Definition
mating of closley related individuals to obtain desired characteristics
Term
hybridization
Definition
individuals who are not closely related are mated to inroduce new beneficial alleles into a population
Term
genetic engineering
Definition
DNA manipulation that a biologist can engineer a set of genetic changes directly into an organisms DNA
Term
gene therapy
Definition
replication of defective genes
Term
genome
Definition
all genes possesed by an organism
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