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APEH Intellectual Revolution
n/a
30
History
10th Grade
11/29/2014

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Term
Scientific Revolution
Definition
The major change in European thought, beginning in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
Term
Deductive Method
Definition
Medieval philosophy in which the process of linking general statements is used to reach a conclusion; to discover what can be logically deduced from what is already known
Term
Inductive Method
Definition
aka empiricism; Using evidence, observation, experience to reach a conclusion or find truth. Francis Bacon
Term
Discourse on Method (1637)
Definition
1637; Rene Descartes philosophical ideas on mathematics
Term
Heliocentric Theory
Definition
aka Copernican Theory; The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe
Term
Leviathan (1651)
Definition
1651; Book by Thomas Hobbes which enforces the rule of an absolute monarch
Term
Two Treatises of Government (1691)
Definition
1691; Book by John Locke which explains his ideas on the state of nature and natural laws
Term
Philosophes
Definition
18th century intellectual thinkers who applied reason to major areas of study such as philosophy, history, economics, social issues
Term
Diderot (1713-1784)
Definition
1713-1784; French philosopher who wrote "Encyclopedie"
Term
Act of Union of 18101
Definition
1801; England and Scotland joined under one state to become Great Britain
Term
Stamp Act (1756)
Definition
1756; British Parliament taxed newspapers and other print materials
Term
Intolerable Acts (1774)
Definition
1774; Name given for British punishment on the colonists for their role in the Boston Tea Party;
Term
Treaty of 1783
Definition
1783; Paris; Ended the American Revolutionary War
Term
Federalism
Definition
The idea that a government should be divided between a central power and another political unit such as in the U.S.A. - a state and federal government
Term
Taille
Definition
A land tax in France paid only by the peasants
Term
Corvee
Definition
France; mandatory labor by peasants throughout the year
Term
Natural Rights
Definition
John Locke;
Term
Legislative Commission of 1767
Definition
1767; Russia; Assembly of representatives from certain social classes to prepare a new code of laws
Term
Pugachev Rebellion (1773)
Definition
Peasant insurrection in Russia under Catherine the Great
Term
Muzhik
Definition
Russian peasant
Term
Potemkin Villages
Definition
Named after Grigory Potemkin, Catherine's lover; Bogus evidence of a non-existent prosperity
Term
War of Polish Succession (1733-1738)
Definition
1733-1738; European conflict to determine the king of Poland
Term
Physiocrat
Definition
First economists; advisors to government leaders
Term
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Definition
1776; Book by Adam Smith which laid out his economic philosophy
Term
Enclosure Acts (1709-1869)
Definition
1709-1869; Acts by Parliament to enclose open fields and common land in the country in order to separate private from common land
Term
Laissez Faire
Definition
A doctrine of economic liberalism that encourages unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
An 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society
Term
Philosophes
Definition
French intellectuals who proclaimed they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow creatures in the Age of Enlightenment
Term
Salons
Definition
Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, sciences, and philosophy
Term
Deism
Definition
The belief that God has created the universe and set it in motion to operate like clockwork; God is "in the wings" watching the show go on as humans forge their own destiny.
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