Term
| Microorganisms removed from incoming air by sticky mucus are most likely to be destroyed by |
|
Definition
| C. the digestive action of gastric juice |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following bones does not possess sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these laryngeal cartilages occurs singly rather than in pairs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the |
|
Definition
| B. tension on the vocal cord. |
|
|
Term
| The walls of the alveoli are composed of |
|
Definition
| B. simple squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| The force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is supplied by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the |
|
Definition
| C. elastic recoil of tissues and surface tension |
|
|
Term
| The amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is true as a result of the dead air space of the respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
| A. Air exchange is more complete. |
|
|
Term
| The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood |
|
Definition
| A. carbon dioxide concentration |
|
|
Term
| The portion of the respiratory center that is responsible for the basic rhythm pattern of breathing is the |
|
Definition
| A. dorsal respiratory group. |
|
|
Term
| The effects of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions on the respiratory center are similar because |
|
Definition
| D. carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid. |
|
|
Term
| The vocal cords are located within the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory membrane consists of |
|
Definition
| D. two thicknesses of epithelial cells and basement membranes. |
|
|
Term
| The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when |
|
Definition
| B. carbon dioxide concentration increases. |
|
|
Term
| The enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes |
|
Definition
| A. carbon dioxide to react with water. |
|
|
Term
| Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is (are) a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is a result of the |
|
Definition
| A. force of air passing over the vocal cords. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following proteins is the most important physiologically in the transport of carbon dioxide by blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a flashlight is placed just below the eyebrow in a darkened room, it may be possible to illuminate the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may cause |
|
Definition
| B. obstruction of the airway. |
|
|
Term
| The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The condition of newborns called respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The condition in which air enters the pleural cavity is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following air volumes cannot be measured using a simple spirometer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most sensitive areas of the air passages are located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchial asthma is a condition caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During an asthma attack, the patient usually finds it most difficult to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emphysema is characterized by an increase in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer that originates in the lungs is most likely to develop from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The percentage of carbon dioxide in ordinary air is about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon dioxide is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to |
|
Definition
| B. increase the rate and depth of breathing. |
|
|
Term
| The mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity functions to |
|
Definition
| warms incoming air, moisten incoming air, entrap dust and other small particles. (all of the above ) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperventilation is most likely to be accompanied by a(n) |
|
Definition
| B. decrease in blood C02 concentration and a rise in pH. |
|
|
Term
| During moderate physical exercise, blood concentrations of |
|
Definition
| B. oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged. |
|
|
Term
| The pharynx functions as a ______, whereas the larynx functions as a ______ |
|
Definition
| C. common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only |
|
|
Term
| The trachea can be described as |
|
Definition
| lined with a ciliated mucous membrane, including about 20 C-shaped cartilage rings, a passageway for air, D. all of the above |
|
|
Term
| Changes in the structure of the respiratory tube as the branches become finer include the |
|
Definition
| D. epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous. |
|
|
Term
| The right lung is composed of______ lobes; the left lung is composed of______ lobes. |
|
Definition
| A. superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior |
|
|
Term
| The first event in inspiration is |
|
Definition
| A. the diaphragm moves downward and the external intercostal muscles contract. |
|
|
Term
| The first event in expiration is |
|
Definition
| D. the diaphragm and external respiratory muscles relax. |
|
|
Term
| Increasing blood concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions have similar effects upon the respiratory center due to |
|
Definition
| C. an increase in carbon dioxide, thereby resulting in an increase in hydrogen ions. |
|
|
Term
| The utilization of oxygen by metabolic processes is correctly referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The conchae create the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The olfactory nerves pass through openings in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the respiratory passage surface is lined with ______ |
|
Definition
| A. pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a property of the mucous lining of the respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following does not contain a sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomical term for the throat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the palatine tonsils located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epiglottis is part of the ______ and covers the glottis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The true vocal cords move because they are attached to the _______ cartilage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C- shaped pieces of cartilage are found within the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these functions cannot be attributed to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
| D. initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here |
|
|
Term
| The _____________ cartilage marks the lowermost portion of the larynx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The true vocal cords are those that produce the sounds of the human voice. Where are these located? |
|
Definition
| C. inferior to the false vocal cords |
|
|
Term
| Within the bronchial tree, which tubes are small branches that enter the lobules of the lungs? |
|
Definition
| C. intralobular bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| Thin-walled outpouchings of the alveolar ducts of the lungs are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary force responsible for air moving into the lungs during inhalation is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lipoprotein known as _______________ reduces surface tension within the alveoli so they do not collapse during exhalation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The force of exhalation is primarily due to ________________________ |
|
Definition
| B. elastic recoil of thoracic muscles |
|
|
Term
| Even after the most forceful exhalation, a certain volume of air remains in the lungs. This volume is called the __________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is the ____________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by which portion of the brain? |
|
Definition
| B. dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center |
|
|
Term
| The respiratory membrane, across which gases diffuse, is very thin and is made up of |
|
Definition
| D. alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes |
|
|
Term
| Whether oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood or not is dependent upon |
|
Definition
| A. the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs and in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Within the blood, oxygen is primarily transported ___ while the bulk of carbon dioxide is transported _____ |
|
Definition
| C. as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate ions |
|
|
Term
| What is the first structure in this respiratory sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structures play the greatest role in warming and humidifying air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The area directly superior to the soft palate is the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sinuses are NOT paranasal sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which passageway serves as a common route for food or air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the opening to the larynx called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Adam’s apple directly part of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of the respiratory tree has the greatest relative percentage of smooth muscle fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only structures that allow gas diffusion across them are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which principle normally prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration? |
|
Definition
| D. secretion of surfactant |
|
|
Term
| The space between the two lungs is called the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most powerful stimuli for breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The carina separates the ______ from each other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are _____ secondary bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The interlobular bronchioles enter the ______ of the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The functional gas-exchanging units are termed _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relative amount of smooth muscle is highest in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tissue lining the alveoli is _____ epithelium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many alveoli are there in an average adult lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas is exchanged in the alveoli by a process of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the entrance into the lungs called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pleural cavity is the space between the lung and _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main function of the pleural membranes is to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atmospheric pressure is around ______ mmHg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of air in and out of the lungs is correctly referred to as ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prevents the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main force causing the exhalation of air is the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During inspiration the intra-alveolar pressure reaches ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pneumothorax occurs when the thoracic pleural pressure _________ compared to the atmospheric pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This muscle can cause a forced exhalation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of air that enters the lungs during normal, restful breathing is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of air that cannot be expelled is the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these is the sum of the other three? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total amount of air that cannot be exchanged is termed the ______ |
|
Definition
| B. physiologic dead space |
|
|
Term
| The condition characterized by alveolar fibrosis with difficulty exhaling is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to an allergic response is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-respiratory movements are most easily triggered by stimuli in which of these areas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which reflex involves a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which reflex is caused by local alveolar decreases in oxygen content? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breathing is mainly controlled by the ______ |
|
Definition
| B. medulla oblongata and pons |
|
|
Term
| Which area exerts its effect on the primary breathing control areas? |
|
Definition
| A. pneumotaxic area of pons |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following factors favors an increase in breathing rate? |
|
Definition
| B. increased blood carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following does not stimulate the medullary breathing center chemo-sensitive neurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these is not a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mechanism prevents over-inflation of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most common cause of hyperventilation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal pCO2 of the capillary blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal pO2 of the alveolar air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the highest amount of carbon dioxide found? |
|
Definition
| C. the arteries entering the lung |
|
|
Term
| Which condition is characterized by inflammation and infection involving the alveoli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the oxygen in the blood is found in the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At high pO2 levels, where is most oxygen located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following factors favors a release of oxygen from hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these has the highest affinity for hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is most carbon dioxide transported? |
|
Definition
| C. as the bicarbonate ion |
|
|
Term
| The most important factor that allows the blood to carry carbon dioxide in high amounts is _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are organs of the respiratory system except the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not found in the pharynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood occurs in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exchange of gases between the lungs and lung capillaries is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The functional (terminal) unit of the respiratory system is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary muscle of respiration is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tissue that prevents food from entering the lungs is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The temporary absence of breathing is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A significant factor in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pleurisy results from an accumulation of fluid in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements about the C-shaped rings of cartilage of the trachea is incorrect? |
|
Definition
| d. They form a complete circle in the trachea. |
|
|
Term
| The release of oxygen by hemoglobin for use in body tissues is dependent upon which of the following? |
|
Definition
| c. low oxygen concentration of the body tissue |
|
|
Term
| The unit of the respiratory system most directly involved in external respiration is the : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory alkalosis is caused by |
|
Definition
| d. removal of too much CO2 |
|
|
Term
| The vital capacity includes: |
|
Definition
| a. tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume |
|
|
Term
| The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the |
|
Definition
| c. tension of the vocal cords |
|
|
Term
| The walls of the alveoli are composed of |
|
Definition
| b. simple squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| The force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is supplied by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is (are) a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages? |
|
Definition
| warming inspired air, filtering inspired air, moistening inspired air, d. all of the preceding |
|
|
Term
| The intensity of a vocal sound is a result of the |
|
Definition
| a. force of air passing over the vocal cords |
|
|
Term
| Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When swallowing, the soft palate would have to move downward in order to prevent food from entering the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smooth muscle within the vocal cords allows them to change their tension for vocalization. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trachea contains rings of cartilage that surround the windpipe to keep it rigid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory tree contain a ciliated mucous lining that helps remove foreign particles from them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory membrane is comprised of the two layers of the alveoli. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pharynx is an enlargement at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal cords. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pectoralis minors and the sternocleidomastoid are useful in aiding forced expiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sudden contraction of a diaphragm while the glottis is closed produces a sneeze. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ordinary air is about 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon monoxide bonds to hemoglobin more effectively than does oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The greatest amount of carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are stimulated during inspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions and is bound to hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon monoxide is toxic because it attacks and destroys the respiratory center in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order to maintain homeostasis, chloride ions move in as bicarbonate moves out of the erythrocyte. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main purpose for cellular oxygen is to provide a means of producing most of the cell energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the act of swallowing the epiglottis moves upward and the glottis appears as a triangular slit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The alveoli exchange gases between the air and the capillaries within them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The layer of serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of a lung is called parietal pleura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The surface tension associated with the lungs can either cause the lungs to expand or collapse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory distress syndrome in an infant results from an inability to breathe because of excess surfactant production in the alveoli by type I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During inspiration the diaphragm moves upward while thorax expands and moves outward. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the diaphragm contracts the pressure within the thoracic cavity decreases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies are very sensitive to fluctuations in the levels of blood oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreasing blood oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide cause the major increases seen in breathing rate during strenuous exercise. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperventilation causes its symptoms mainly because it results in respiratory acidosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory membrane is the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The PO2 in the pulmonary veins is less than the PO2 in the alveolar air. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ARDS is a condition of lung collapse or atelectasis in a newborn. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At high altitudes it is difficult to breathe because the air has a lower percent of oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon dioxide and oxygen compete for binding sites with the hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most carbon dioxide is carried through the blood in the form of carboxyhemoglobin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continued hypoventilation results in an increase in CO2 concentration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aphagia is difficulty in swallowing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory system functions in pH balance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trachea is about 15 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The alveoli are filled with pleural fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During maximal expiration, the lungs can be completely emptied of air. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of the larynx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asthma affects expiration more than inhalation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rhinitis is an inflammation of the sinuses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most CO2 is carried as CO2 dissolved in the plasma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cartilaginous structure at the base of the tongue that helps to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is the epiglottis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and the hypothalmus of the brain stem. |
|
Definition
|
|
