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AP World History Chapter 7 Flashcards
These flashcards are the IDs required for Mr. Andrus' class at HHS. The terms come from the textbook "Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past," by Bentley. ~Created by Yesi Ruelas
26
History
10th Grade
10/11/2012

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Term
Classical Era
Definition
500 BCE to 500 CE. Included the civilizations of Persia, China, Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean
(Greece and Rome)
Term
King Croesus
Definition
The first king of the newly independent kingdom of Lydia. Very wealthy leader. He consulted an oracle, and mistakenly interpreted his results as encouragement to attack the Persians. He failed, and his kingdom was taken over by Cyrus the Great.
Term
Cyrus the Great
Definition
Formidable general. Conquered Lydian military when they tried to take over the Persians. Founder of the Achaemenid empire.
Term
Achaemenids
Definition
Members of the Achaemenid society, the first Persian empire. Iranian decent, located in Western Asia. Largest classical empire of all. Two main kings: Darius and Cyrus.
Term
Medes and Persians
Definition
Two closely related peoples who descended from pastoral peoples. They were the main citizens of the Achaemenid empire.
Term
Darius
Definition
An Achaemenid king who was known for extending the empire both east and west, as well as for being a great administrator. He centralized gov't( Persepolis) while delegating power to local gov'ts, built the Royal Road and organized a postal service, developed a taxation system, and funded projects to improve agriculture. Could not conquer Greece.
Term
Persepolis
Definition
The capital city that Darius built as part of his centralization of gov't.
Term
Satrapies/Satraps
Definition
Taxation and gov't districts. There were 23 satraps in the empire.
Term
Persian Royal Road
Definition
A road that stretched about 2,575 km from the Aegean port of Ephesus to Sardis in Anatolia, through Mesopotamia along the Tigris, to Susa in Iran, and an extension to Pasargadae and Persepolis.
Term
qanat
Definition
underground canals used to irrigate farmlands while minimizing the amount of water lost to evaporation.
Term
Xerxes
Definition
Fourth king of the Achaemenids. Darius' successor. Attempted to replicate Darius' expedition to Greece, but also failed.
Term
Battle of Marathon
Definition
The battle in which Alexander the Great took over Persia. 334 BCE.
Term
Alexander of Macedon
Definition
A young Macedonian general who led an army of about forty-eight thousand men to take over Persia. Accidentally burned Persepolis to the ground. He died in 323 BCE.
Term
Battle of Gaugamela
Definition
A battle that occurred in 331 BC, between Alexander of Macedon, and Darius III. This battle was a key victory for the Macedonians, and it led to the ultimate demise of the Persian Empire
Term
Seleucus/Seleucids
Definition
Those who belonged to the Seleucid Dynasty of the Persian empire. Second empire. Seleucus was one of Alexander's generals, and he won in the conflicts that succeeded Alexander's death. He then founded the Seleucid Empire circa 320 BCE.
Term
Parthians
Definition
Those who belonged to the third Dynasty of the Persian empire, circa 247 BCE-224 CE.
Term
Sasanids
Definition
Those who belonged to the final Dynasty (fourth) of the Persian empire, circa 224-651 CE
Term
Shapur I
Definition
A Sasanid king that stabilized the western frontier by creating buffer states between them and the Romans.
Term
Zoroastrianism
Definition
One of the first salvation religions to influence the Persians. Founded by Zarathustra.
Term
haoma
Definition
A hallucinogenic utilized by the Zoroastrians to receive visions.
Term
Zarathustra
Definition
The main prophet of the Zoroastrian religion. Left home when young and gained spiritual knowledge through meditation and alone time.
Term
Magi
Definition
Priests in the Zoroastrian religion. Similar to brahmins.
Term
Ahura Mazda
Definition
The principal god of the Zoroastrians.
Term
Angra Mainyu
Definition
The opposing force to Ahura Mazda (the Devil)
Term
Gathas
Definition
Some of Zarathustra's works that still survive. Mostly hymns and treaties on the themes of morality and theology.
Term
Manichaeism
Definition
A salvation religion that focused on the struggle between good and evil. It originated in Sassanid Persia. It is often thought to be a precursor to Christianity
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