Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP World History
N/A
50
History
10th Grade
01/26/2014

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Portuguese Exploration
Definition
land suitable for of cash crops the desire to establish new trade routes to Asian markets and expand influence of Christianity.[image]
Term
The Lure Of Trade
Definition
goal of establishing maritime trade routes[image]
Term
Missionary Efforts
Definition
Merchants and monarchs alike realized that by offering direct access to Asian new maritime trade routes would increase the quantities of spices. Europeans purchased gold, ivory, and slaves.[image]
Term
Ships and Sails
Definition
sturdy strong ships were needed to cross the sea and back and to survive these adverse conditions[image]
Term
Navigational Instruments
Definition
magnetic compasses and astrolabes.[image]
Term
Knowledge of Winds and Currents
Definition
Equipped with advanced technological hardware. European mariners ventured into the oceans and gradually compiled a body of practical knowledge about the winds and currents that determined navigational possibilities in the age of sail[image]
Term
The Volta do Mar
Definition
return to the sea that enabled them to sail from the Canaries to Portugal[image]
Term
Prince Henry of Portugal
Definition
Prince Henry conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down west African coast.[image]
Term
Vasco da Gama
Definition
four armed merchant ships bound for India. His return Voyage was especially difficult less than half his crew made it back to Portugal[image]
Term
Christopher Columbus
Definition
Christopher Columbus proposed the sailing to the western route.1492 his fleet of three ships departed Palos in southern Spain. He sailed around the Caribbean for almost three months.[image]
Term
Hemispheric Links
Definition
He never reached the riches of Asia and obtained very little gold[image]
Term
Ferdinand Magellan
Definition
Magellan visited ports throughout the Indian Ocean basin and traveled east far as the spice islands of Maluku. He wanted to pursue Christopher Columbus goal.[image]
Term
The Circumnavigation
Definition
refers to travelling all the way around an island, a continent, or (usually) the entire planet Earth.[image]
Term
Exploration of the Pacific
Definition
took European almost three centuries to chart its features. spanish merchants built on info gleaned by from Magellan. English navigators however ventured into the Pacific in search[image]
Term
Captain James Cook
Definition
led three expeditions to the Pacific and died in a scuffle with the indigenous people of Hawaii.[image]
Term
Portuguese Trading Posts
Definition
control trade routes by forcing merchants vessels to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties there.[image]
Term
Afonso d'Alboquerque
Definition
architect commander of Portuguese forces in the Indian Ocean during early sixteenth century[image]
Term
English And Dutch Trading Posts
Definition
merchants built trading post on Asian coasts and sought to channel trade through them but did not attempt to control shipping on the high seas occasionally seized Portuguese sites[image]
Term
The Trading Companies
Definition
English and Dutch formed two especially powerful joint-stock companies the English East India Company[image]
Term
Conquest of the Philippines
Definition
Spanish approached the Philippines in 1565 under the command of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi who named the islands after King Philip of Spain[image]
Term
Manila
Definition
soon emerged as a bustling multicultural port city an entrepot for trade particular in silk and it quickly became the hub of Spanish commercial activity in Asia Chinese merchants were especially prominent in Manila[image]
Term
Conquest of Java
Definition
trade in spices particularly cloves nutmeg and mace 1619 founded Batavia on the island of Java to serve as an entrepot for the VOC[image]
Term
Siberia
Definition
Russians were laying the foundations for a vast empire that embraced most of northern Eurasia Russian forces took over several Mongol khanates in central Asia These acquisitions resulted in Russian control over the Volga River and offered opportunities for trade with there Ottaman Empire[image]
Term
Native Peoples of Siberia
Definition
Siberia was home to about twenty six major ethnic groups that lived by hunting trapping fishing or herding reindeer[image]
Term
The Russian Occupation of Siberia
Definition
Siberian trading posts with their garrisons developed into Russian towns with Russian-speaking populations attending Russian Orthodox churches[image]
Term
Competition and Conflict
Definition
Commercial competition led to conflict als in the Caribbean and the Americas[image]
Term
The Seven Years War
Definition
a global conflict in that it took place in several distinct geographic theaters Europe India the Caribbean and North America[image]
Term
British Hegemony
Definition
British forces fought little in Europe where their Prussian allies held off massive armies seeking to surround and crush the expansive Prussian states[image]
Term
Biological Exchanges
Definition
the global diffusion of plants food crops animals human populations and disease pathogens that took place after the voyages of exploration[image]
Term
Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline
Definition
smallpox measles diphtheria whooping cough and influenza took heavy tolls immunity to the disease through exposure at an early age[image]
Term
Foods Crops and Animals
Definition
Columbian exchange increased rather than diminished human populations because of the global spread of food crops food crops[image]
Term
American Crops
Definition
native to America also played prominent roles in the Columbian exchange. American crops took root in Africa Asia and Europe[image]
Term
Population Growth
Definition
Human numbers increased less rapidly during the next century The Columbian exchange of plants and animals fueled a surge in world population [image]
Term
Migration
Definition
largest continental of migrants consisted of enslaved Africans transported involuntarily to South American North American and Caribbean destination[image]
Term
Transoceanic Trade
Definition
global trading system in the Caribbean and the Americans trade networks extended to all corners of Atlantic Ocean[image]
Term
The Manila Galleons
Definition
Global Economy In The Pacific Ocean basin[image]
Term
Environmental Effects of Global Trades
Definition
growing volumes of global trade pressures fell on several animal species that had the misfortunes to become prominent commodities on the world market.[image]
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
attacked the sale of indulgences as an individual but he soon attracted enthusiastic support from other who resented the policies of the Roman church[image]
Term
Reform Outside Germany
Definition
German population had adopted Lutheran Christianity and reformer had launched Protestant movements and established alternatives churches in other lands[image]
Term
John Calvin
Definition
initiator organized a Protestant community and worked with local official to impose a strict code[image]
Term
The Council of Trent
Definition
an assembly of bishops cardinals and other high officials who met intermittently between 1545 and 1563 to address matters of doctrine and reform[image]
Term
St. Ignatius Loyola
Definition
a Basque nobleman and soldier who in 1521 suffered devastating leg wound that ended his military career[image]
Term
The Society of Jesus
Definition
rigorous and advanced education they received instruction not only in theology and philosophy but also in classical languages literature history and science[image]
Term
Witch Hunting
Definition
Hunt for witches witches made agreements to worship the devil. they were blamed for natural causes.[image]
Term
Religious Wars
Definition
Religious tensions led to outright war between Protestant and Roman Catholic communities Religious wars wracked France for thirty six years[image]
Term
The Thirty Years' War
Definition
The Religious wars culminated in a massive continental conflict known as the thirty years war (1618-1648)[image]
Term
Charles V
Definition
inherited authority over the Habsburg Austrain domains as well as duchy of Burgundy[image]
Term
Imperial Fragmentation
Definition
imperial legacy imperial princess took advantage of religious controversy[image]
Term
Foreign Challenges
Definition
establish a lasting imperial legacy the prospect of a powerful Holy Roman Empire struck fear in the kings of France[image]
Term
Finance
Definition
the most powerful European states however were the kingdoms of England,France and Spain.[image]
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