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AP World Chapter 4-5 Vocab
Chapter 4-5 vocabulary words
48
History
11th Grade
10/11/2012

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Term
Alexander the Great
Definition
Extended the Greek Empire begun by his father into the Persian Empire, all the way to India. Attempted to combine greek and persian empire.
Term
Cyrus the Great
Definition
Most famous Persian emperor, who controlled land and peoples across the
northern Middle East and into northwestern India.
Term
Hellenistic Synthesis
Definition
After Alexander’s death, Greek art, education, and culture merged with those in the Middle East. Trade and important scientific centers were established, such as Alexandria, Egypt.
Term
Zoroastrianism
Definition
Persian religion developed by the prophet Zoroaster around 600 B.C.E. in which is taught that life is a battle between the opposing forces of good and evil, with humans having to choose between the two.
Term
Pois
Definition
Greek word for city-state.
Term
Peloponnesian Wars
Definition
War which involved Athens and its allies against Sparta and its allies; Sparta ultimately won the war but a majority of the Greek city-states are weakened considerably by the fighting.
Term
Pericles
Definition
One of the most famous Greek political figures, he dominated Athenian government in the 5th century B.C.E. He ruled through wise and clever means. Even he was not able to prevent war between Athens and Sparta.
Term
Olympic Games
Definition
Festival and athletic contests held at Olympia in honor of Zeus in which all Greek city-states sent representatives.
Term
Phillip II of Macedonia
Definition
King of Macedon who defeated a combined army of Thebes and Athens to become the ruler of the Greek city-states; father of Alexander the Gr
Term
Alexandria
Definition
Seaport in Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea which was founded by Alexander the Great and became the center of Hellenistic culture.
Term
Punic Wars
Definition
Series of wars (264-146 B.C.E.) between the Roman republic and the Phoenician colony Carthage over dominance of the Mediterranean. Carthage’s great general Hannibal was ultimately unable to stop the Romans, who conquered Greece and north Africa, including Egypt.
Term
Carthage
Definition
Ancient city-state in north Africa founded by the Phoenicians and destroyed by the Romans in the Punic Wars in 146 B.C.E.
Term
Julis Caesar
Definition
Dictator of the Roman republic who effectively ended the republic and, with his successor Augustus, transformed it into an empire.
Term
Octavian
Definition
Grandnephew of Caesar who restored order to Rome after a century of political chaos; he assumed the title Augustus and instituted a monarchial government in which the emperor was dictator, chief military general, and chief priest; first emperor of Rome.
Term
Diocletian/Constantine
Definition
Strong emperors toward the end of the Roman Empire who tried with some success to reverse the tide of its ultimate fall. Constantine moved the capital away from Rome and allowed freedom of worship for Christians.
Term
Consul
Definition
The two men who shared executive power in the Roman republic, but in times of crisis the Senate could choose a dictator with emergency powers.
Term
Hebrews
Definition
a member of an anicent people living in what is now israel and palestine and according to biblical tradition, descend from the patriarch J
Term
Christianity
Definition
monothesistic system of beliefs and practices.Followed jeaus
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
A government based on the rule of the vote of the people.
Term
Senate,
Definition
The most important legislative body in the Roman republic, composed mainly of aristocrats.
Term
Cicero
Definition
Roman writer and senator who expounded on the value of oratory in political discourse.
Term
12 Tables
Definition
set of rules
Term
Aristotle
Definition
Student of Plato who developed logic and scientific reasoning in the Western sense. He stressed the value of moderation in all things.
Term
Plato
Definition
Socrates’ greatest pupil, who suggested that humans could approach an understanding of the perfect forms of truth, good, and beauty that he thought underlay nature.
Term
Stoics
Definition
Adherents of this Greek philosophy emphasized an inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline and personal bravery.
Term
Iliad, Odyseey
Definition
Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined
gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos.
Term
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
Definition
Three forms of Greek columns that represent what is still known as classical architecture.
Term
Persian Empire
Definition
Term
Sparta/Athens
Definition
Term
Geek Plays
Definition
brought people together throwing rotten foot and fingers if bad
Term
Persepolis
Definition
ancient Persia, capital un achaemenid dynasty
Term
Socrates
Definition
A leading figure in the development of classical Mediterranean philosophy. He encouraged his students to question conventional wisdom. His work symbolized the Greco- Roman emphasis on the power of human thought.
Term
Kush
Definition
An independent kingdom flourishing along the upper Nile around 1000 B.C.E. It represents an example of an established civilization, like classical Egypt, influencing a nearby region.
Term
Axum
Definition
Axum defeated Kush around 300 B.C.E. Ethiopia in turn defeated Axum. Both these African kingdoms had active contacts with the eastern Mediterranean world until after Rome’s fall.
Term
Coptic Christianity
Definition
Largest branch of African Christianity, centered in Egypt.
Term
Sahara
Definition
Vast desert region of north Africa which extends from Atlantic Ocean to the Nile River.
Term
Shintoism
Definition
Japanese religion that provided for worship of political rulers and spirits of nature. This was the basis for the worship of the Japanese emperor as a religious figure.
Term
Olmec
Definition
Central America’s first civilization (c. 800-400 B.C.E.), which developed agriculture and produced accurate calendars. It powerfully influenced later civilizations in the America
Term
Polynesian
Definition
anthing relating to polynesia
Term
Rajput
Definition
Regional Indian princes who ruled after the fall of the Guptas.
Term
Yellow Turbans
Definition
During the decline of classical China, the Yellow Turbans were a Daoist group that promised a golden age that was to be brought about by divine magic.
Term
Byzantine
Definition
Successor to the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean. It was artistically creative and active in trade. Its emperors, especially Justinian, tried to revive the heritage of Rome throughout its previous territory but failed. Many centuries of fighting Muslims led to its demise in 1453.
Term
Justianian
Definition
Byzantine emperor; codified Roman law
Term
Augustine
Definition
One of the greatest Christian theologians. Bishop of Alexandria, Egypt.
Term
Mahayana
Definition
Or the “Greater Vehicle.” East Asian form of Buddhism that emphasized its founder as a divine savior.
Term
Pope
Definition
Meaning papa or father; bishop of Rome and head of Roman Catholic church.
Term
Barbarians
Definition
people who didnt have a settles civilization
Term
Constantinople
Definition
Center of the Roman Empire after 312 C.E., established by the last strong
emperor, Constantine.
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