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AP World- 1/21/04
Chapter 19 Terms from Olsen
28
History
Not Applicable
01/21/2004

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Term
de Las Casas
Definition
Dominican friar, had been a conquestador, becmae a priest, initiated struggle for justice and supported peaceful conversion of the Native american population of the Spanish colonies; opposed forced labor and advocated Indian rights
Term
Cortes
Definition
In 1519 led 600 men down the coast of Mexico, establed base at Veracruz, attacked Aztecs, hired some Indians not happy with ruling, captured Tenochtitlan
Term
Moctezuma II
Definition
Last independent Aztec emperor; killed during Cortes' conquest of Tenochtitlan
Term
Valdivia
Definition
conquered Araucanian Indians in central Chile, established city of Santiago
Term
mita
Definition
Forced labor in Peru; essential aspect of Inca imperial control
Term
Potosi
Definition
large silver Mine in Peru; produced 80% of Peruian silver
Term
Huancavelica
Definition
Location of mercury mines in south American where Indians were forced to work
Term
Consulado
Definition
merchant guild in Seville; associated with Board of Trade (Casa de la Contraction); enjoyed monopoly rights over goods shipped to America
Term
Tordesillas
Definition
Treaty between Castile and Portugal that wrote out the influence and right of possession of the two kingdoms by drawing a hypothetical north/south line
Term
Marquis of Pombar
Definition
1755=1776, Portugal's authoritarian prime minister, tried to break England's hold on Portugese economy, expelled Jesuits, enacted fiscal reforms and establed monopoly companies to stimulate colonial economy.
Term
Tupac Amuru
Definition
descendent of Inca family, led revolt against 'bad government'
Term
Casa de Contratacion
Definition
Spanish Board of Trade, out of Seville, regulated commerce with New World,
Term
Creoles
Definition
whites born in New World, ranked just below peninsulares (people from Spain)
Term
Sociedad de Castas
Definition
American social system based on racial origins, white=top, black = bottom, mixed = middle
Term
Audiencia
Definition
Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World, 10 in each viceroyalty
Term
Letrados
Definition
university trained lawyers from Spain
Term
Recopilacion
Definition
Set of laws for basis of government and colonies, basis of law in the Indies
Term
War of Spanish Succession
Definition
between 1702--1703, resulted from the Bourbon family, ended by the Treaty Utrecht, resulted in some recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, and grants of commercial rights to French and English.
Term
de Galvez
Definition
Minister of the Indies after he spent 6 years there, created Intendancy system
Term
Comunero Revolt
Definition
1781, Royal Army is defeated and viceroy fled from Bogota, rebel army almost took the capital
Term
de la Cruz
Definition
17th century nun, author, poet, musician, social thinker, beautiful, courts listened to her
Term
Minas Gerais
Definition
"general minds," in 1695, gold strikes made in the mountainistic area of this region
Term
Hispanola
Definition
colony on island of Santo Domingo in Caribbean, founded by Colombus, Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World
Term
Coronado
Definition
1540-1542 led expedition in search of 7 mythical cities of gold, penetrated much of SW U.S.
Term
Capitaincies
Definition
strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor POrtugese nobles for development, enjoyed limited success in developing colony.
Term
Reforms of Charles III
Definition
aimed at strengthening state and tis economy, desire for strong centralized government, economic, administrative, and military refors, it was an aim to revive Spain
Term
Sugar and Slavery
Definition
Brazil- world's leading sugar producer
Term
Great Exchange
Definition
exchanges from Old World to New World, especially bringing animals, disease, and crops in return for gold.
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