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AP World History Vocab Test 2
Test, yo
84
History
10th Grade
11/07/2010

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Term
Ancestor Worship
Definition
Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.
Term
Austronesians
Definition
People who, by as early as 2000 B.C.E., began to explore and settle islands of the Pacific Ocean basin.
Term
ChavĂ­n cult
Definition
Mysterious but very popular South American religion (1000--300 B.C.E.).
Term
Lapita
Definition
Society from New Guinea to Tonga (1500-500 B.C.E.) with agricultural villages, networks of trade and communication, and hierarchical chiefdoms.
Term
Maya
Definition
Brilliant Central American society (300-1100) known for math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language.
Term
Mochica
Definition
Pre-Incan South American society (300-700) known for their brilliant ceramics.
Term
Olmecs
Definition
Early Central American society (1200-100 B.C.E.) that centered around sites at San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes and that influenced later Maya.
Term
Popol Vuh
Definition
Mayan creation epic.
Term
Teotihuacan
Definition
Central American society (200 B.C.E.-750 C.E.); its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica.
Term
Tikal
Definition
Maya political center from the fourth through the ninth centuries.
Term
Venta, La
Definition
Early Olmec center (800-400 B.C.E.).
Term
Yucatan
Definition
Peninsula in Central America, home of the Maya.
Term
Analects
Definition
The teachings of Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.) compiled by his disciples.
Term
Confucianism
Definition
Philosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman, obligation to society, and reciprocity.
Term
Dao
Definition
Key element in Chinese philosophy that means the "way of nature" or the "way of the cosmos."
Term
Daoism
Definition
Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of inaction.
Term
Han Dynasty
Definition
Chinese dynasty that ruled an expanding empire with a large bureaucracy based upon Legalist and Confucian values. The empire taxed agriculture and trade and raised large armies to colonize Vietnam, Korea, and the Xiongnu territory.
Term
Legalism
Definition
Chinese philosophy from the Zhou dynasty that called for harsh suppression of the common people.
Term
Li
Definition
Confucian concept, a sense of propriety.
Term
Patriarchy
Definition
System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line.
Term
Qin
Definition
Chinese dynasty (221-207 B.C.E.) that was founded by Qin Shihuangdi and was marked by the first unification of China and the early construction of defensive walls.
Term
Ren
Definition
The Confucian value of propriety, courtesy, respect, and deference to elders.
Term
Wuwei
Definition
Daoist concept of a disengagement from the affairs of the world.
Term
Xianyang
Definition
Capital city of Qin empire.
Term
Xiao
Definition
Confucian concept of respect for one's parents and ancestors.
Term
Yellow Turban Uprising
Definition
A revolt against the land distribution policies of the Han dynasty (25-220 C.E.).
Term
Zhuangzi
Definition
A compendium of Daoist philosophy.
Term
Buddhism
Definition
Religion, based on Four Noble Truths, associated with Siddhartha Gautama (563--483 B.C.E.), or the Buddha; its adherents desired to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana.
Term
Bushido
Definition
The "way of the warrior," the code of conduct of the Japanese samurai that was based on loyalty and honor.
Term
Chan Buddhism
Definition
Most popular branch of Buddhism in China, with an emphasis on intuition and sudden flashes of insight instead of textual study.
Term
Dharma
Definition
Hindu concept of obedience to religious and moral laws and order.
Term
Equal-field system
Definition
Equal-field system
Term
Grand Canal
Definition
Project that integrated the economies of northern and southern China.
Term
Neo-Confucianism
Definition
Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought; most important of the early Neo-Confucianists was the Chinese thinker Zhu Xi (1130-1200).
Term
Nirvana
Definition
Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated.
Term
Samurai
Definition
A Japanese warrior who lived by the code of bushido.
Term
Shintoism
Definition
Indigenous Japanese religion that emphasizes purity, clan loyalty, and the divinity of the emperor.
Term
Shogun
Definition
Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor.
Term
Song
Definition
Chinese dynasty (960-1279) that was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society.
Term
Sui
Definition
Dynasty (589-618) that constructed Grand Canal, reunified China, and allowed for the splendor of the Tang dynasty that followed.
Term
Tale of Genji
Definition
Literary work of ancient Japan, written by Murasaki Shikibu.
Term
Tang Taizong
Definition
Chinese emperor (r. 627-649) who founded the Tang dynasty (618-907).
Term
Xuanzang
Definition
Seventh-century Chinese monk who made a famous trip to India to collect Buddhist texts.
Term
Angkor
Definition
Southeast Asian Khmer kingdom (889-1432) that was centered around the temple cities of Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat.
Term
Bhakti
Definition
Indian movement that attempted to transcend the differences between Hinduism and Islam.
Term
Caste
Definition
Social class system in which distinctions and restrictions on marriage, occupation, handling of food, and other matters are transferred through generations or through class. The term usually refers to the social system of India.
Term
Dhow
Definition
Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin.
Term
Hinduism
Definition
Main religion of India, a combination of Dravidian and Aryan concepts; Hinduism's goal is to reach spiritual purity and union with the great world spirit; its important concepts include dharma, karma, and samsara.
Term
Jati
Definition
Indian word for a Hindu subcaste.
Term
Sufis
Definition
Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules.
Term
Sultanate of Delhi
Definition
Islamic state in northern India established by Mahmud's successors in 1206 C.E. that began to establish the presence of Islam on the Indian subcontinent.
Term
Vishnu
Definition
Hindu god, preserver of the world, who was often incarnated as Krishna.
Term
Aachen
Definition
The capital of the Carolingian Empire.
Term
Arianism
Definition
Early Christian heresy that centered around teaching of Arius (250-336 C.E.) and contained the belief that Jesus was a mortal human being and not coeternal with God; Arianism was the focus of Council of Nicaea.
Term
Benefice
Definition
Grant from a lord to a vassal, usually consisting of land, which supported the vassal and signified the relationship between the two.
Term
Carolingian Empire
Definition
Royal clan established by Charlemagne, who expanded the Carolingian Empire into Spain, Bavaria, and Northern Italy.
Term
Carolingians
Definition
Germanic dynasty that was named after its most famous member, Charlemagne.
Term
Christianity
Definition
Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind.
Term
Clovis
Definition
Leader of the Franks whose conversion to Roman Christianity resulted in the Frankish conversion to Christianity.
Term
Franks
Definition
Germanic people who controlled Gaul following Roman decline and collapse.
Term
Heavy Plow
Definition
Device of the sixth century permitting the turning of heavy northern soils, rotating crops, and increased agricultural production.
Term
Holy Roman Empire
Definition
Central and western European kingdom created at the Treaty of Verdun in in 843 and lasting until 1806.
Term
Magyars
Definition
Hungarian invaders who raided towns in Germany, Italy, and France in the ninth and tenth centuries.
Term
Manor
Definition
Large estates of the nobles during the European middle ages, home for the majority of the peasants.
Term
Serfs
Definition
Peasants who, while not chattel slaves, were tied to the land and who owed obligation to the lords on whose land they worked.
Term
Albigensian Crusade
Definition
The attack and systematic killing of Cathars, a religious group accused of heresy, in southern France.
Term
Capetian
Definition
Early French dynasty that started with Hugh Capet.
Term
Cathars
Definition
Medieval heretics, also known as the Albigensians, who considered the material world evil; their followers renounced wealth and marriage and promoted an ascetic existence.
Term
Cathedral Schools
Definition
Schools organized by bishops and archbishops in France and northern Italy whose liberal arts curricula often offered instruction in law, medicine, and theology.
Term
Chivalry
Definition
European medieval concept, a code of conduct for the knights based on loyalty and honor.
Term
Crusades
Definition
Campaigns by Christian knights to seize the holy lands that led to trade with Muslims and the importation of Muslim ideas regarding science and mathematics.
Term
Fief
Definition
A grant of land from a lord to a vassal.
Term
Guilds
Definition
Socially significant groups of craftspeople who regulated the production, sale, and quality of manufactured goods.
Term
Hanseatic League
Definition
Association of trading cities in northern Europe linked by major rivers to the Mediterranean.
Term
Heavy Plow
Definition
Device of the sixth century permitting the turning of heavy northern soils, rotating crops, and increased agricultural production.
Term
Holy Roman Empire
Definition
Central and western European kingdom created at the Treaty of Verdun in in 843 and lasting until 1806.
Term
Investiture
Definition
One aspect of the medieval European church versus state controversy, the granting of church offices by a lay leader.
Term
Islam
Definition
Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture; the Qu'ran is the holy book of Islam.
Term
Muslim
Definition
A follower of Islam.
Term
Relics
Definition
Revered artifacts from saints that inspired pilgrimages to cities such as Rome, Compostela, and Jerusalem.
Term
Sacraments
Definition
Christian rite mediating or symbolizing divine grace.
Term
Schism
Definition
Divide that occurs between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in 1054 as a result of political tensions and ritual and doctrinal differences.
Term
Scholasticism
Definition
Medieval attempt of thinkers like St. Thomas Aquinas to merge the beliefs of Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy.
Term
St. Petersburg
Definition
New capital built by Peter the Great in 1703. Known as the "window on the west," the city served as headquarters for the navy and government.
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