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AP Vocab British Colonies
n/a
81
History
11th Grade
09/21/2011

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Term
Indentured Servants
Definition
Could not afford passage. Someone else would pay, they'd work 6 years, then free.
Term
Trade and Navigation Acts
Definition
Regulated trade in order to benefit British economy
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
a contract that bound all passengers on Mayflower to obey decisions of the majority
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
Left Massachusetts colony; found Rhode Island (which offered complete religious freedom)
Term
Great Puritan Migration
Definition
voluntary movement of 1000 European Puritans to Massachusetts Bay
Term
New England Confederation
Definition
1643 formed to provide defense and act as a court in disputes for the four New England Colonies
Term
Freedom of Consciences
Definition
Freedom to have opinion on a fact and differing opinions than others
Term
Jonathan Edwards
Definition
minister/missionary to Native Americans, played role in Great Awakening, president of Princeton
Term
Halfway Covenant
Definition
gave partial church membership in Ne England (1662); people drifted from purpose
Term
Salem Witch Trials
Definition
Series of trials that prosecuted people of witchcraft in MA (1692-93); represents religious extremism and government invasion of personal rights
Term
City on a Hill
Definition
part of American vocab with Jon Winthrop's sermons in order to warn colonists that'd be found in MA
Term
William Penn
Definition
founder of PA; early ideas of democracy/religious freedom; good relationships with Native Americans
Term
Proprietary Colony
Definition
private land owners maintain rights that are usually the rights of the state
Term
Royal Colony
Definition
king directly rules
Term
Charter colony
Definition
chartered to an individual or group by the British Crown
Term
Peter Zenger Trial
Definition
criticized the governor and was accused if "seditious libel"; claimed what the printed was true, helped establish idea of freedom of press
Term
King Philip's War
Definition
War between Native Americans, occupied southern North England, the colonies, and Native American Allies (1675-1676)
Term
George Whitefield
Definition
minister of Church of England; helped spread Great Awakening in Europe/colonies, big influence on American ideology
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
period of rapid and dramatic religious revival in American Religious History
Term
Thomas Hobbes
Definition
English philosopher, Leviathan (book) created a foundation for most of Western Political Philosophyy; influenced history, geometry, theology, ethics, philo, political science
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
economic theory; a colony/nation exists to benefit mother country (which can balance/encourage exports and discourage imports)
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
(first) revolt in 1674 in VA; frontiersmen; protested against Native American Raids; farmers lost
Term
Harvard College
Definition
established in 1636 my MA Bay Colony; oldest institution of higher learning in US; created to train Puritan Ministers
Term
Middle Passage
Definition
journey taken by slaves from West Africa to New World
Term
Phyllis Wheatly
Definition
first American poet to be published (and African American woman); helped create genre of African American Literature; slave at age 7 but taught to read and write
Term
Puritans
Definition
member of a group of Protestants that arose in the 16th century in the Church of England; demanding simplification of doctrine and worship and greater strictness in religious discipline
Term
Pilgrims/Separatists
Definition
believed the Church of england could not be reformed
Term
House of Burgesses
Definition
formed in 1619; the first legislative body in colonial America. Other colonies would later adopt
Term
Anne Hutchinson
Definition
preached that God communicated irectly to individuals instead of through Church elders. Her followers founded the Colony of New Hampshire
Term
William Bradford
Definition
pilgrim, 2nd gov of Plymouth colony developed private land ownership, help relieve debt, survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian Attacks
Term
French and Indian War
Definition
part of seven years war, Britain/France fought for control of Ohio Valley and Canada, each with the help of Indians. Britain won
Term
John Locke
Definition
British political theorist, wrote fundamental Constitution for the Carolinas Colony (never in effect) ideas inspired American revolution; right to life, liberty, and property (reason for govt's existence) "social contract" of rulers/people
Term
Iroquois Confederacy
Definition
group of 5 Indian tribes with a written language located primarily in the NE--powerful group fought
Term
Headright System
Definition
parcels of land (80 acres) were given to colonists who brought indentured servants; VA comp
Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition
"esnure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of French territorial and commercial threat before French and Indian War
Term
Albany Plan
Definition
plan to unify in the face of French and Indian threats
Term
James Oglethorpe
Definition
founder and governor of the Georgia colony (tightly disciplined) no slaves, alcohol, Catholicism lost position
Term
Market Economy
Definition
free competition and prices are determined by the interaction of supply and demand
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
95 theses, justification by faith, Bible is most important
Term
Protestant Reformation
Definition
break from Catholic church led by Marin Luther, one of greatest revolutions of all time
Term
John Calvin
Definition
Founder of Calvinism; "institutes of the Christian religion; predestination, no free will
Term
Predestination
Definition
Idea that ones salvation has been predetermiend
Term
Protestantism
Definition
adherence to the religion and belies of a protestant Church
Term
Jesuits
Definition
society begun by Ignatus Loyola, distinguished as a teaching order
Term
Council of Trent
Definition
centerpiece of the Counter-Reformation, sought to place papacy under the control of a church council or paliament
Term
Counter Reformation
Definition
movement that included the "Index of Prohibited Books" the council of Trent, and the rise of the Jesuit society
Term
Elizabeth I
Definition
establisehd Moderate Protestantism in Church of England, avoiding Catholic/Protestantism extremism. Defeated Spanish Armanda
Term
Puritans
Definition
English Branch of Calvinism
Term
Separatists
Definition
Pilgrims believed the church of England could not be reformed, started own congregation
Term
Prince Henry the Navigator
Definition
promote discovery and exploration; promote Porteguese economic interest and further Christian influence
Term
"new slavery"
Definition
idea that black people are not humans, so it is okay to enslave
Term
John Winthrop
Definition
founded MA
Term
Christopher Columbus
Definition
Italian born, worked for Spain, wanted to find Asia, took 3 voyages, first 1492 and visited Cuba, the Carribean, and Mexico
Term
Treaty of Tordesillas
Definition
divided newly discovered lands outside Europe into an exclusive duopoly between the Spanish and the Porteguese, along a North-South Meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands (off west coast of Africa)
Term
Amerigo Vespucci
Definition
Floirentine Navigator who explored the Coast of South America
Term
Encomiendas
Definition
Spanish Manors; worked by Native American slaves under conquistadors
Term
Columbian Exchange
Definition
disease, precious metals, religion, horses and livestock for natives, plans and farming techniques for europeans between Old and New World
Term
St. Augustine, Fl
Definition
first (unsuccessful) European settlement in North America, settled by French Huguenots (then spanish killed)
Term
Acoma revolt
Definition
revolt between Acoma Pueblo and Spanish because leader (Juan de Onate) sent men to steal food instead of trade
Term
Hurons
Definition
allied with French in New France while trading furs enemies with Iriquois
Term
Sea Dogs
Definition
English buccaneers who seized Spanish treasure ships
Term
Roanoke Colony
Definition
the first English Colony in the New World, Disappeared shortly after 1584
Term
Join-stock company
Definition
xcompany made up of a group of shareholders, each who contribute some money to the company and rec
Term
VA Company of London
Definition
joint stock company founded by a group of merchants, knights, and gentlemen so that they could obtain land in America, and were granted Royal Charter in 1606 by King James I
Term
Jamestown
Definition
first English colonists were brought to this military cutpost by C. John Smith
Term
John Smith
Definition
captain of ship that brought the first English colonists to Jamestown in 1607 leader of the VA colony based at Jamestown
Term
First Anglo-Powhattan War
Definition
started with arrival of Lord de La Warr introduced Irish tactics, raiding and terrorizing for supplies. Ended with marriage of John Rolfe to Pocahontas in 1614
Term
John Rolfe
Definition
married Pocahontas, killed by Indians in 1622, started Tobacco trade in America
Term
Second Anglo-Powhattan War
Definition
1644 Indians tried to attack again but were defeated Peace treaty of 1646 banished them from white settlements
Term
Plymouth
Definition
earliest permanent European settlement in New England
Term
Miles Standish
Definition
soldier on the Mayflower who ended up as an important negotiator and figher against the first Americans
Term
New Netherland
Definition
colony which would become New York
Term
New Amsterdam
Definition
Dutch settlement at mouth of Hudson River
Term
Southern Colonies
Definition
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

wanted MONEY
Term
Middle Colonies
Definition
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware

both Catholics and quakers
Term
New England
Definition
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut

Religious Movement
Term
Where did the Pilgrims settle?
Definition
Plymouth Rock near MA
Term
What was the purpose for Puritans?
Definition
To purify Anglican church (want religious freedom, seek economic opportunity, good church-goers, save money, participate, Direct Democracy through Town Hall, Anne Hutchinson
Term
Where did Catholics go?
Definition
Maryland
Term
What religion did John Winthrop practice?
Definition
Puritan
Term
Who was Sampson?
Definition
he earned money to buy another slave for freedom
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