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AP US History Test 1-8
Mr. Cummings : First Trimester
53
History
11th Grade
09/11/2013

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Cards

Term
Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert)
Definition
  • Founded Maryland in 1634
  • Refuge for Catholics
Term
James Oglethorpe
Definition
  • One of the founders of Georgia
  • Saved Georgia by mortgaging his own personal fortune
Term
Royal Charter
Definition
Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens
Term
Slave Codes
Definition
Harsh system of laws governing African labor, first developed in Barbados and later officially adopted by South Carolina in 1696
Term
Primogeniture
Definition
Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Landowner's younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elesewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas.
Term
Indentured Servants
Definition
Penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor a fixed number of years in exchange for a passage to the new world or other benefits
Term
House of Burgesses 36 76 135
Definition
  • A representative self government born in Virginia in 1619
  • It was the first miniature parliament to flourish in America
Term
Treaty of Tordesillas
Definition
  • Made in 1494
  • divided the newly discovered land outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal
Term
Act of Tolleration
Definition
  • Passed in Maryland in 1649
  • Guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists
  • Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract most of the Catholic immigrants
Term
Virginia Company
Definition
  • Joint stock companies in England with the purpose of establishing settlements on the coast of North America
  • Made in 1606 by James I
Term
Anne Hutchinson
Definition
  • Challenged Puritan orthodoxy (predestination)
  • Said that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the ones that are truely saved don't need to follow any laws 
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
  • Extreme Separatist
  • Challenged the legality of the Bay Colony's charter
  • Also denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior
Term
William Penn
Definition
  • Became a Quaker at a young age and was persecuted
  • 1681 recieved a grant of land in the New Colonies from the king
  • King called the land Pennsylvania (Penn's Woodland)
Term
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Definition
  • founded in 1630 
  • established by non-separating Puritans
  • Grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies
Term
Navigation Laws
Definition
  • Began in 1651
  • Regulated colonial shipping
  • Only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports
  • All goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England
Term
Puritans
Definition

English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds

(many thought that only 'visible saints' should be admitted to church membership)

Term
Quakers
Definition
  • Officially known as the Religious Society of Friends
  • Especially offensive to religious and civil authorities
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
  • Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth 
  • Signed aboard the Mayflower
  • Created a foundation for self-government in the colony
Term
Ben Franklin
Definition
  • Came to Pennsylvania at age 17
  • most reprentative personality of his era
Term
First Great Awakening
Definition
  • Exploded in the 1730s and 40s 
  • First ignited by a pastor in Massachusetts named Jonathan Edwards
  • It was religious revival
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
  • An uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon
  • In response to Willian Berkeley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks
Term
Headright System
Definition
  • Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants
  • Allowed an individual to aquire 50 acres of land if he paid for a laborer's passage to the colony
Term
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
  • Decree issued by Parliament in the wake of Pontiac's uprising
  • Prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachians
  • Contributed to rising resentment of British rule in the colonies
Term
No Taxation Without Representation
Definition
  • Americans wanted to be represented in the British parliament
  • Declaration later points out that the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament
Term
Boycott
Definition
To withdraw from commercial or social relations as a punishment or protest
Term
Royal Veto
Definition
When legislation passed by the colonial assemblies conflicted with British regulations
Term
Mercenaries
Definition
a professional soldier who serves in a foriegn army for pay
Term
George III
Definition
  • Wealthy French nobleman nicknamed "French Gamecock"
  • Made major general of colonial army
  • Got commision on part of his family
Term
Sam Adams
Definition
  • Master propogandist
  • Organized the local committees of correspondance in Massachusetts
  • Designed to oppose British policy forced on the colonies by spreading propoganda
Term
Benedict Arnold
Definition
Led the Battle of Bunker Hill
Term
J.P. Jones
Definition
Scotsman navy officer fighting for colonies who helped destroy British merchant shipping and carried the war into the waters
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
Credited with writing the Declaration of Independence
Term
La Fayette
Definition
Inspired by the American Declaration of Independence and helped bring about the French Declaration of the Rights of Man
Term
Patrick Henry
Definition
known for the line "Give me liberty or give me death!"
Term
Thomas Paine
Definition

Wrote Common Sense in 1776 

Helped the Americans recognize the need to separate from the British crown

Term
Common Sense
Definition
  • Gave reasons why America should separate from England
  • Called for the creation of a Republic where power came from the people themselves
Term
George Rogers Clark
Definition
  • Concieved the idea of capturing British posts by surprise
  • Claimed Ohio River area
Term
Battle of Quebec
Definition
Turning point of the war when Quebec surrendered to the French in 1759
Term
Battle of Bunker Hill
Definition
  • Took place on Breed's Hill
  • Even though the colonists lost it gave them a confidence boost because of the amount of British people they killed
Term
Battle of Saratoga
Definition
Burgoyne surrendered his entire command on October 17, 1777 to American general Horatio Gates
Term
Battle of Trenton
Definition
  • December 26, 1776 
  • Washington surprised a thousand Hessians who were sleeping off Christamas effects
  • defeated small British attatchment at Princeton
Term
Battle of Kaskaskia
Definition
George Rogers Clark defeated the British and captured Kaskaskia near the Mississippi
Term
Battle of Yorktown
Definition
Where Cornwallis was forced to surrender all 7,000 of his men on October 19, 1781 to Washington and de Grasse
Term
Hessians
Definition
  • German colonists hired by George III to smash colonial rebellion 
  • They were more concerned about money than duty
Term
Tories/Loyalists
Definition
Colonials loyal to the king
Term
Treaty of Paris 1783
Definition
  • British formally recognized the independence of the US
  • Americans couldn't persecute Loyalists and had to give them their land back
Term
Treaty of Paris 1763
Definition
  • Ended the 7 years war in Europe and the French and Indian war in North America
  • Britain won all of Canada and almost all of the land east of the Mississippi
Term
1st Continental Congress
Definition
  • September 5, 1774
  • protested the Intolerable acts
  • voted for a boycott of British imports
Term
2nd Continental Congress
Definition
  • Congress opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
  • The beginning of the American Revolution
  • British gaurds at the Boston Customes House open fired on Americans killing 5 
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
Sam Adams
Term
Albany Congress
Definition
in response to the threat on the western frontiers
Term
Olive Branch Petition
Definition
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