Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP US History Flash Card Quiz 1
50 People/Places/Things about early european colonization.
62
History
11th Grade
08/22/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Encomienda System
Definition
System in which lords were given the right to the labor of Indians
Term
Enterprise of the Indies
Definition
Columbus's idea to plunder America
Term
Reconquista
Definition
Reconquest. Struggle between Catholics and Muslims for control of Iberia
Term
Bartolome de las Casas
Definition
Wrote the destruction of the Indies.
Term
Caravel
Definition
Fastest and most maneuverable ship of the time. Developed by Henry the Navigator's insititute. Made the invasion of America possible.
Term
Prince Henry (The Navigator)
Definition
Established an institute which discovered the world was round, and created the fastest ship of the time, the Caravel. Also discovered gold in south Africa. Died in 1460.
Term
Humanism
Definition
Focus on human potential brought on by trends in art and architecture in the Renaissance
Term
Renaissance
Definition
Rebirth of Knowledge. Time period in which people became very interested in knowledge and art. Inspired by Greek and Roman texts found in the crusades.
Term
Crusades
Definition
Series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims for the holy land of Palestine.
Term
Hernan Cortez
Definition
Conquered the Aztecs.
Term
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Definition
Crossed the isthmus of Panama to the Pacific ocean and made first contact with the Aztecs.
Term
Miracle Crops
Definition
Crops from the new world that helped end the famine problem in Europe. Crops include Corn, Potatoes, and Tomatoes.
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Term
William Bradford
Definition
A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.
Term
Pilgrims and Puritans contrasted
Definition
Pilgrims = Sepratists fleeing for religious freedom
Puritans = Reformers wanting to purify the Anglican Church
Term
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Definition
Puritans colony. Established political freedom and a representative government
Term
Cambridge Agreement
Definition
Puritan Stockholders agreed to join the Massachusetts Bay Colony in exchange for control of its government.
Term
Puritan Migration
Definition
Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630's and 1640's. During this time the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population.
Term
Church of England
Definition
The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas.
Term
John Winthrop
Definition
1st governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony. Served from 1630-1649. Opposed total democracy. Believed it was best to be governed by a small number of rulers. Organized New England Confederation in 1643 and served as first president.
Term
Separatists/Non-Separatists
Definition
Non-separatists (Puritans) believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms.
Separatists (Pilgrims) believed that the Church of England could not be reformed, and so started their own congregations.
Term
Calvinism
Definition
Protestand sect founded by John Calvin. Strong moral code and believed in predestination. Supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state.
Term
Congregational Church, Cambridge Platform
Definition
Congregational Church was founded by separatists who felt the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices (Pilgrims). Cambridge Platform stressed morality over church dogma.
Term
Contrast Puritan colonies with others
Definition
Puritan colonies were self-governed, each town has its own government. Only full church members could vote and hold public office. Other colonies had different styles of government and were more open to different beliefs.
Term
Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism
Definition
Preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (Antinomianists) founded New Hampshire in 1639.
Term
Roger Williams, Rhode Island
Definition
lefts Massachusetts and bought land from indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at the time to offer complete religious freedom.
Term
Covenant theology
Definition
Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God's covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man through Christ.
Term
Voting granted to church members
Definition
Massachusetts court passed an act to limit voting rights to church members.
Term
Half-way Covenant
Definition
applied to those members of the puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.
Term
Brattle Street Church
Definition
Founded by Thomas Brattle. Did not require people to prove they had achieved grace in order to become full members.
Term
Thomas Hooker
Definition
Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartfrod. Called "The father of American Democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates.
Term
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Definition
Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area. First constitution written in America.
Term
Saybrook Platform
Definition
Organized town churches into county associations which sent delegates to the annual assembly which governed the colony of Connecticut.
Term
Massachusetts School Law
Definition
First public education legislation in America. It declared that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to found a grammar school.
Term
Harvard founded
Definition
Founded by a grant from the Massachusetts general court. Followed Puritan beliefs.
Term
New England Confederation
Definition
Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.
Term
King Philip's War
Definition
Series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. War started when Massachusetts tried to for their government over the Indians. Colonists won with help from the Mohawks, and opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.
Term
Dominion of New England
Definition
The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.
Term
Sir Edmond Andros
Definition
Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 to 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England.
Term
Joint stock company
Definition
A company made up of a group of shareholders. each shareholder contributes some money to the company and recieves some share of the company's profits and debts.
Term
Virginia
Definition
Formed by the Virginia Company as a profit earning venture. Starvation was the major problem. About 90 died the first year. Company had trouble attracting new colonists. Offered private land ownership in the colony, but still eventually went bankrupt and the colony went to the crown. did not become a successful colony until the colonists started raising and exporting tobacco.
Term
headright system
Definition
Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists
Term
John Smith
Definition
Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Term
John Rolfe, tobacco
Definition
He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
Term
Slavery begins
Definition
The first African slaves in America arrive in the Virginia colony in 1619.
Term
House of Burgesses
Definition
The Virinia House of Burgesses formed the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.
Term
Cavaliers
Definition
In the English Civil War these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
Term
Culperer's rebellion
Definition
Led by Culperer, the Alpemark colony rebelled against its English governor, Thomas Miller. The rebellion was crushed, but Culperer was acquitted.
Term
Georgia
Definition
Georgia was formed as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish held Florida. It was a militar colony, but also served as a haven for the poor, criminals, and persecuted Protestants.
Term
James Oglethorpe
Definition
Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly disciplined military like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.
Term
Carolinas
Definition
Charles II granted this land to pay off a debt to some supporters. They instituted headrights and a representative government to attract colonists. The southern region of the Carolinas grew rich off its ties to the sugar islands, while the poorer northern region was composed mainly of farmers. The conflicts between the regions eventually led to the colony being split into North and South Carolina.
Term
John Locke, Fundamental Constitution
Definition
Locke was a british political theorist who wrote the fundamental constitution for the Carolinas colony, but it was never put into effect. The constitution would have set up a feudalistic government headed by an aristocracy which owned most of the land.
Term
Charleston
Definition
The first permanent settlement in the Carolinas, named in honor of Kind Charles II. Much of the population were Huguenot refugees.
Term
Staple crops in the South
Definition
Tobacco was grown in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Rice was grown in South Carolina and Georgia. Indigo was grown in South Carolina.
Term
Pennsylvania, William Penn
Definition
Willian Penn recieved a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom.
Term
Liberal land laws in Pennsylvania
Definition
William Penn allowed anyone to emigrate to Pennsylvania, in order to provide a haven for persecuted religions.
Term
Holy Experiment
Definition
Willian Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all.
Term
Frame of government
Definition
The Charter of Liberties set up the government for the Pennsylvania colony. It established representative government and allowed counties to form their own colonies.
Term
New York: Dutch, 1664 English
Definition
New York belonged to the Dutch, but Kind Charles II gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York in 1664. When the British came to take the colony, the Dutch, who hated their Governor Stuyvesant, quickly surrendered to them. The Dutch retook the colony in 1673 but the British regained it in 1674.
Term
Patron system
Definition
Patronships were offered to individuals who managed to build a settlement of at least 50 people within 4 years. Few people were able to accomplish this.
Term
Peter Stuyvesant
Definition
The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English of Sept. 8, 1664.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!