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AP US History
For the 2007 AP US History Exam
106
History
11th Grade
05/09/2007

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The Seneca Falls Convention was organized by ... to discuss women's rights and issues
Definition
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Term
The Seneca Falls Convention resulted in ... modeled after ... to state that women should be treated equally with men. It signified the beginning of a long road towards women's rights.
Definition
The Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, the Declaration of Independence
Term
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in order to ...
Definition
lift northern spirits, which were getting more sympathetic to the antislavery cause, to eliminate a major economic benefit to the south in the form of slave labor, and to ensure that European powers would not side with the Confederacy.
Term
Nativism in the 1830s resulted in the formation of the ...
Definition
American/Know-Nothing Party
Term
The goal of the Know-Nothing Party was to ...
Definition
keep all Catholics and immigrants out of office and add restrictions to immigration. Although many members of the party were elected to office, its goals were overshadowed as the Civil War loomed.
Term
Henry Clay served as ... under president ...
Definition
speaker of the house, Monroe
Term
The Free Soil Party was made up of ...
Definition
Antislavery Democrats and Whigs
Term
The Free Soil Party elected ... for president in 1848.
Definition
Martin Van Buren
Term
The slogan of the Free Soil Party was ...
Definition
"Free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men." This slogan summed up their party platform.
Term
What effect did the Free Soil Party have on the election of 1848?
Definition
The party did not win any electoral votes, but Van Buren's candidicy split the Democratic vote in New York. This allowed the Whig candidate, Zachary Taylor, to win the presidency.
Term
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle led to the passage of what two acts? They were passed by president ... after he read the book.
Definition
The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Theodore Roosevelt.
Term
Henry Clay had a vast impact on politics during what time period?
Definition
The Era of Good Feelings
Term
Who led the Whig party until his death in 1952?
Definition
Henry Clay
Term
In what year did colonial delegates meet in Albany, New York?
Definition
1754
Term
The Albany Plan of Union called for ...
Definition
all colonies to unify in the face of French and Native American threats.
Term
Why was the Albany Plan of Union rejected?
Definition
Delegates approved of the plan, but the colonies rejected it for fear of losing too much power. The crown also did not support the plan, because it was weary of too much cooperation between the colonies.
Term
The temperance movement of the 19th century viewed alcoholic beverages as ...
Definition
the cause of poverty and crime.
Term
Dorothea Dix called for reform in the treatment of the mentally handicapped in what year?
Definition
1843. Many acted on her advice and adopted programs to improve the lives of the mentally handicapped.
Term
Utopian experiments were usually based on ...
Definition
economic, social, or religious beliefs.
Term
What effect did utopian communities have on society at large?
Definition
Very little effect-they were an extreme reflection of the American spirit of reform and perfectionism prevalent from the Jacksonian era.
Term
In what year was the Mormon Church (aka the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) founded, and who was it founded by?
Definition
1830, Joseph Smith
Term
Where did the Mormons migrate in 1847?
Definition
Utah
Term
When Joseph Smith was killed, who assumed leadership of the Mormons?
Definition
Brigham Young. When Utah became a territory in 1850, Young was its governor.
Term
William Lloyd Garrison was an ... who created what newspaper?
Definition
abolitionist, The Liberator. Garrison also helped to created the American Anti-lavery Society, which argued for the freedom of slaves and for equality with White people. He also supported to right of women to participate equally in the Anti-lavery Society, which led to a split in the movement.
Term
What was Shawnee chief Tecumseh's primary goal?
Definition
He and his brother wanted to unite Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana to keep the region under native control and ward of white rule. He was defeated by William Henry Harrison in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Term
What was Shawnee chief Tecumseh's primary goal?
Definition
He and his brother wanted to unite Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana to keep the region under native control and ward of white rule. He was defeated by William Henry Harrison in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Term
How did William Henry Harrison make a name for himself?
Definition
He defeated Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He ran for president and won as a war hero with the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too."
Term
Theodore Roosevelt began a period of reform known as ...
Definition
The Progressive Era
Term
Theodore Roosevelt's reform initiatives included ...
Definition
trust busting, conservation, and legislation to help protect the public. Through these "Square Deal" programs, he made strides toward helping people get fair treatment by the government and by corporations.
Term
What did the Dawes Act do, and it what year was it passed?
Definition
Passed in 1887, the Dawes Act gave any Indian who was willing to leave a reservation and take up farming full citizenship and 160 acres of land. It was not until 1924 that all Indians were granted citizenship, however.
Term
What was the effect of the Dred Scott Decision?
Definition
By ruling that a slave was"property" and could be taken anywhere by its owner, Dred Scott v. Sanford ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. This caused great consternation with many Northerners because it allowed slavery in all territories.
Term
What decision was made in Plessy v. Furguson.?
Definition
The power to establish seperate but equal facilities was reserved to the states. Before the case segregation dealt primarily with transportation, but then extended to almost every area of life. It was not overturned until Brown v. the Board of Education in 1954.
Term
Why was the Trail of Tears given that name?
Definition
The Cherokee Indians were forced to sign a treaty in 1835, in which they gave up their lands in exchange for territory in Arkansas, money, and transportation to the new lands. 12,000 Cherokees started the thousand-mile trek, but 4,000 died along the way.
Term
What amendment was designed to ensure the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Definition
The 14th Amendment (1868)-it went further than the Civil Rights Act by forbidding any state to take away the "privileges and immunities" of citizens, and required due process of law.
Term
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were written by ... in response to the ...
Definition
Jefferson and Madison, Alien and Sedition Acts
Term
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued for ...
Definition
a strict interpretation of the Constitution. They also claimed that states had the right to nullify laws that they found unconstitutional.
Term
Although the United States was suffering serious abused from Great Britain and France prior to the War of 1812, why did they only declare war on Great Britain?
Definition
Great Britain had a larger naval force that was more dangerous to US interests-they impressed sailors, which was a practice that the French did not follow. Anti-British sentiment was also on the rise after the Chesapeake incident, in which American soldiers were killed. Third, the War Hawks, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, wanted to gain control of Canada, which was a British colony.
Term
After Texas won its independence from Mexico, representatives immediately consulted the US about annexation. Why did the Senate hesitate to approve annexation?
Definition
Sectional fears-president Tyler wanted to annex Texas as a slave state to solidify his base in the south before the election of 1844.
Term
Describe the annexation of Texas.
Definition
Texas was annexed by a joint resolution of Congress in 1845 after James K. Polk was elected president.
Term
What was the function of the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo?
Definition
The Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo ended the Mexican War in February of 1848. It granted the US possession of Texas above the Rio Grande, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million. The US also assumed all monetary claims of US citizens against the Mexican government.
Term
What was the initial cause of the Spanish-American War? (1898)
Definition
US concerns about the Cuban independence movement
Term
When the US won the Spanish-American War, what territories were gained?
Definition
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Cuban independence was also secured.
Term
What is Big Stick Diplomacy?
Definition
A term used to describe the foreign relations and diplomatic policies of President Theodore Roosevelt. He said "Speak softly and carry a big stick."
Term
The Panama Canal connects ...
Definition
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Term
The Panama Canal, championed by Teddy Roosevelt, was built between ...
Definition
1904 and 1914
Term
What disease killed many people working on the Panama Canal?
Definition
malaria
Term
The US had the ability to regulate all ship movement through the Panama Canal until what year?
Definition
1999, when Panama gained control of the canal.
Term
What nations constituted the ABC Powers?
Definition
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
Term
The intervention of the ABC Powers in what conflict prevented war between the US and Mexico in 1914?
Definition
the Tampico Incident
Term
What was the name of William Howard Taft's foreign policy?
Definition
Dollar Diplomacy
Term
What was William Howard Taft's primary goal with "Dollar Diplomacy"?
Definition
He sought to address international problems by extending American investments overseas. He thought that such action would benefit the US economy and promote stability abroad.
Term
What event mounted tension between the US and Mexico prior to the Mexican-American War?
Definition
Texas accepted the US Congress's offer of admission to the Union, despite the Mexican government's opposition.
Term
When did the US declare war on Mexico?
Definition
After Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande (1846)
Term
What was the Gadsden Purchase, and why did Secretary of War Jefferson Davis push for the purchase? (1853)
Definition
Land from Mexico for present-day Arizona and New Mexico purchased for $10 million; to create a coast to coast rail line in the South.

(Stephen Douglas actually ensured that the railroad went through Nebraska, so the land was not used for its intended purpose)
Term
Who were the Barbary Pirates and what did they do?
Definition
The Barbary Pirates attacked foreign shipping on the northern coast of Africa, often stealing the cargo and holding sailors for ransom.
Term
Who were the Barbary Pirates and what did they do?
Definition
The Barbary Pirates attacked foreign shipping on the northern coast of Africa, often stealing the cargo and holding sailors for ransom.
Term
Who were the Barbary Pirates and what did they do?
Definition
The Barbary Pirates attacked foreign shipping on the northern coast of Africa, often stealing the cargo and holding sailors for ransom.
Term
Who put an end to the Barbary Pirate problem? (1801)
Definition
Stephen Decatur-he commanded the warships that ultimately defeated the Barbary Pirates, and set up a blockade around the islands in 1805, forcing a peace settlement.
Term
What did the Foraker Act do?
Definition
It declared that Puerto Rico was an unorganized territory and gave the president power to appoint a governor and upper house. It also called for the election of a lower house.
Term
Following the passage of the Foraker Act, the Puerto Rican people modeled their constitution after that of the United States and established a ....
Definition
self-governing commonwealth. They did become citizens of the United States, however.
Term
After the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the Philippines were ruled by the United States. What did we do there?
Definition
US officials helped to build the infrastructire of the islands and controlled the political process. The Philippines didn't gain full independence until after WWII.
Term
Although the American public criticized Jay's Treaty as being too favorable to Great Britain, why is it considered a great diplomatic feat of the Washington administration? (1794)
Definition
The treary provided for the removal of British troops from the American west and opened limited trade with the British West Indies. It also preserved peace with Great Britain while the US was still very young.
Term
Why was Jay's Treaty disliked? (1794)
Definition
It said nothing about the British impressment of American sailors and was considered too favorable to Great Britain.
Term
What did the Platt Amendment do? (1901)
Definition
The Platt Amendment restricted the independence of the Cuban government by authorizing American withdrawal from Cuba only on certain conditions. Cuba vowed to make no treaty with a foreign power limiting its independence, the US reserved the right to intervene in Cuba, and the US was allowed to maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
Term
What factors directly contributed to Amreican isolationism?
Definition
Washington advised against involvement in foreign entanglements in his farewell address, the Monroe Doctrine, and geographic isolation.
Term
America's isolationist policy contributed to ...
Definition
WWI. The nation went back to its isolationist policies between wars, however.
Term
The Adams-Onis Treaty between Spain and the United States was created in 1819 and ratified in 1831. It served to ...
Definition
Define the border between the US and Mexico.

Fearing the loss of Florida without compensation, the Spanish foreign minister agreed to a border between the Louisiana Purchase and Spanish lands.
Term
After the ratification of the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1831, Spain kept ...
Definition
Texas, California, and New Mexico.
Term
What effect did William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech have on the Democratic Party and the election of 1896?
Definition
His unwavering support for silver and the West won him the Democratic nomination. The nomination was divisive, however, opposed by the Democrats in favor of a gold standard. This group nominated its own presidential candidate, and Bryan lost the election because he was a "radical."
Term
The Farmer's Alliance took the place of what organization?
Definition
(1880s) The Grange
Term
The Farmer's Alliance was a support group for the nation's farmers. It was politically active in the ... and ..., and was central to the founding of what political party?
Definition
Midwest and South, the Populist Party
Term
In what 1886 Chicago rally did workers protest police brutality against strikers?
Definition
The Haymarket Riot
Term
What was the result of the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
Definition
It erupted in violence when someone threw a bomb that killed 7 policemen and prompted a police backlash. Leaders of the Knights of Labor were arrested and imprisoned, causing public support for the union do die down.
Term
The Federal Reserve Act was passed in what year, and by whom?
Definition
1913, Woodrow Wilson (it remains one of his most notable legislative succcesses)
Term
What did the Federal Reserve Act do (1913)?
Definition
It reorganized the American banking system by establishing 12 Federal Reserve Banks authorized to distribute currency.
Term
Who led the charge against the Tariff of Abominations, and why? (1828)
Definition
John C. Calhoun, because the North and West benefitted but the South did not.
Term
What did John C. Calhoun write in protest of the Tariff of Abominations?
Definition
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, in which he outlined the theory of nullification.
Term
What claim did John C. Calhoun make regarding the Tariff of Abominations?
Definition
He said that any state could ignore the tariff if they found it unconstitutional-in other words,they could nullify. He also threatened to secede from the Union if forced to pay the duty.
Term
What caused the Panic of 1819?
Definition
The Panic of 1819 was a two-year depression caused by extensive speculation, the loose lending practices of state banks, a decline in European demands for American goods, and mismanagement within the 2nd BUS.
Term
The Panic of 1819 is often called ...
Definition
the beginning of the end of the Era of Good Feelings
Term
Robber barons were ...
Definition
wealthy entrepreneurs and businessmen during the Industrial Age, such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.
Term
What was the intent of the Sherman Antitrust Act? (1890)
Definition
The Sherman Antitrust Act made trusts and trade-restricting "conspiracies" illegal, and also intended to break up business monopolies.
Term
Where did the Sherman Antitrust Act fail? (1890)
Definition
The Act was so vague that it was used to break up union strikes during the 1890s. The government didn't launch an aggressive antitrust campaign until the 1900s.
Term
What was the underlying cause of the Whiskey Rebellion? (1794)
Definition
In 1791, Alexander Hamilton pushed for a high exise tax on whiskey as part of his Federalist Economic policy.
Term
Where did the Whiskey Rebellion take place?
Definition
Western Pennsylvania-the area most hurt by Hamilton's exise tax on whiskey.
Term
How was the Whiskey Rebellion suppressed?
Definition
George Washington himself led a force of militiamen to Pennsylvania to crush the rebellion.
Term
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Definition
The move from handmade goods to machine-made items and the rise of factories. It began in England, but moved to America in the late 1700s, progressing slowly for some time.
Term
Below the surface ofthe gilded age was ...
Definition
widespread greed and vulgarity.
Term
The Panic of 1873 was caused largely by the bankruptcy of what American investment firm?
Definition
Jay Cooke and Company (because of loan defaults and overspeculation)
Term
The stock market closed for ten days during what "event"?
Definition
The Panic of 1873
Term
What was the outcome of the Panic of 1873?
Definition
Many small banks and firms collapsed, and a six year depression took place-longer than any America had previously suffered.
Term
Why did Jefferson push for the Embargo of 1807?
Definition
It was an attempt to stop the warring French and British from harassing US trading ships and impressing US sailors.
Term
Was the Embargo of 1807 a success? What was its result?
Definition
No, it did not work at all, and the effects on the American economy were highly detrimental. Shipbuilding ceased, merchants went bankrupt, and some shippers turned to smuggling. Demands for goods also decreased, hurting farmers and manufacturers.
Term
When was the American Federation of Labor founded, and by whom?
Definition
1886, Samuel Gompers
Term
What was the goal of the AFL?
Definition
To organize craft unions into a federation in which the individual unions maintained some autonomy. A larger union would clearly have more power in negotiating with management, however.
Term
How did the STRUCTURE of the AFL differ from that of the Knights of Labor?
Definition
The Knights of Labor intended to absorb smaller unions, while the AFL wanted craft unions to maintain some autonomy.
Term
What is the significance of Little Bighorn?
Definition
General George A. Custer ignored the advice of his comrades and led a meager force of 200 men into a trap at the Little Bighorn River. There, his force was destroyed down to the last man by the Sioux.

It was one of the last significan Native American victories in the West.
Term
Frederick Douglass published what antislavery newspaper?
Definition
the North Star
Term
Why did writers like Henry James and Mark Twain turn to realism?
Definition
Americans were becoming increasingly interested in the scientific method, and wanted to show the world as it really was. Also, they wanted to accurately represent American life.
Term
What impact did Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom's Cabin have on the abolitionist movement in America?
Definition
By portraying the inhumanity of slavery in vivid detail, Stowe opened the eyes of many Northerners who had not taken a firm stance for or against slavery. It strengthened the abolitionist's moral cause.
Term
What was revolutionary about the Lowell System?
Definition
Francis Lowell has workers both spinngin cotton and weaving in the same factory.
Term
Transcendentalists aimed to achieve ...
Definition
an inner, emotional understanding of God rather than a rational, institutionalized one. They thought that truth and freedom were inborn.
Term
Herbert Spencer came up with Social Darwinism and argued that ...
Definition
the human species would evolve for the better if left alone with a "laissez-faire" governtment policy.
Term
Pragmatism
Definition
the notion that something is only meaningful and worthwhile if it has observable and practical consequences-influenced John Dewey and education/social reform
Term
The South felt that John Brown's raids were an example of ...
Definition
attacks by the North on their way of life.
Term
Sharecroppers received ... in return for ...
Definition
homes, barns, animals, tools, seed, and land; a share of their crops
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