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AP US History
Reconstruction - Industry Age
51
History
11th Grade
01/31/2006

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Term
1865
Definition
•Johnson begins Reconstrucion (rapid/lenient)
•Confederate leaders regain power
•White gov't pass codes against blacks
•Congress bans S. reps
•13 Amendment Ratified
Term
1866
Definition
•Congress passes CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
•Congress renews FREEDMAN'S BUREAU (Johnson vetoes in vain)
•Congress approves 14th Amendment, S. states reject
•Ex parte Milligan - SC enforces influence
•Republicans - 2/3 majority
Term
1867
Definition
•Congress passes RECONSTRUCTION ACTS
•Congress passes TENURE OF OFFICE ACT
•Constitutional conventions in S. states
Term
William Seward
Definition
Johnson's Secretary of State, organized purchase of Alaska
Term
1868
Definition
•House impeaches Johnson, Senate acquits
•Most S. states get readmitted under Radical plan
•14th Amendment passed
•GRANT ELECTED president
Term
1869
Definition
Congress approves 15th amendment, ratified in 1870
Term
1870
Definition
Congress passes 1st ENFORCEMENT ACT
Term
1871
Definition
Congress passes KU KLUX KLAN ACT
Term
1872
Definition
•AMNESTY ACT frees remaining confederates from office holding restrictions
•Liberal Republicans oppose Grant
•GRANT REELECTED
Term
1873
Definition
•SLAUGHTER HOUSE cases limit power of 14th Amendment
•Panic of 1873 - Depression
Term
1874
Definition
•Grant vetoes increase in supply of paper money
•Democrats win majority in House
Term
1875
Definition
•Congress passes weak Civil Rights act
Term
1876
Definition
•US v. Cruikshank and US v. Reese weaken 14th amendment
•Presidential election disputed
Term
1877
Definition
•Congress elects Hayes president
•Exodusters migrate to Kansas
•"Home Rule" returns to 3 remaining S. states not yet controlled by Democrats
•RECONSTRUCTION OVER
Term
Lincoln's 10% Plan
Definition
"Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction"...replace majority rule with "loyal rule"

10% swear loyalty oath, then readmittance

pardons for all except highest ranking confederates
Term
Wade-Davis Bill
Definition
1) majority of male citizens participating in gov't reconstruction
2) "iron-clad" oath required for office
3) all officers above leitenant not pardoned
Term
13th Amendment
Definition
abolished involuntary servitude

Congress has power to enforce this
Term
Sharecropping System
Definition
Blacks rented land they worked...
proved disaster, monoply of control and ever-increasing debt
Term
Andrew Johnson
Definition
white supremacist, looked down on blacks
Term
Johnson's pardon policy
Definition
•Called constitutional conventions, delegates drafted new constitutions,then state restored to union
•unpardoned whites not eligable
•did NOT hold plan - pardoned many
Term
Black Codes
Definition
Compelled slaves to carry passes, observe curfew, live in housing of a landowner, not eligible for good work

legislatures did this by substituting "freedmen" for slaves, and defined status of freed men and women
Term
The Radicals
Definition
wanted to transform the south - democratize, black suffrage, land confiscation/redistribution
Term
The Radicals
Definition
wanted to transform the south - democratize, black suffrage, land confiscation/redistribution
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
ratified 1868
•citizenship for blacks
•life, liberty, property
•civil rights
•Confederate debt null/void
•confederate leaders - no officeholding
Term
National Union Convention
Definition
Johnson's way of presenting his case for refusal of 14th amendment to North... criticized republicans in ranting style which reduced popularity
Term
Reconstruction Acts of 1867-1868
Definition
1) S. states readmitted, Union Generals assumed command of 5 S. districts
2, 3, 4) provided for details of operation of voter registration boards, adoption of constitutions, and administration of good faith oaths for whites
Term
Thaddeus Stevens
Definition
leader of the radical republicans
Term
Constitutional Crisis - Congress asserts more authority
Definition
1) set its own reconvention date
2) limited Johnson's power over army, requiring him to go thru Grant
3) Tenure of Office Act
Term
Tenure of Office Act
Definition
Gave Senate power to approve president's cabinet...designed to protect Secretary of War Stanton
Term
Edwin Stanton
Definition
Secretary of War for Stanton, sympathized for Radicals
Term
Edwin Stanton
Definition
Secretary of War for Stanton, sympathized for Radicals
Term
impeachment of Johnson
Definition
violation of Tenure of Office Act - attempt to remove Stanton
Term
Election of 1868
Definition
Ulusses S. Grant (R) vs. Horatio Seymour (D)

Grant acted as administrator of Reconstruction but not supporter...democrats refused Reconstruction
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
forbade states to deny the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous servitude

**did not gurantee right to vote (women, immigrantes)
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
forbade states to deny the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous servitude

**did not gurantee right to vote (women, immigrants)
Term
Black Voters/Emergence of S. Republican Party
Definition
sizeable amount of blacks - brought south into line iwht progressive reforms
Term
"Negro Rule"
Definition
S. white supremacists charged that the south had been turned over to blacks, and made propaganda
Term
Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
Definition
C = northern interlopers
S= southern sympathizers w/ republicans
Term
Ku Klux Klan
Definition
terrorist organization - POLITICAL
wealthy and powerful white supremacists, S., helped bring back democratic majority
Term
Liberal Republican Revolt
Definition
civil service reformers, foes of corruption, advocates of lower tarriff: distatste for fed intervention in S.
Term
Horace Greeley
Definition
electoral candidate for Democrat 1872 election
Term
Ulysses Grant as President
Definition
made bad choices of war appts. - scandals, corruption
Term
Civil Rights Act
Definition
(1875) - equal accomodations in public places for blacks...bill watered down and didn't help
Term
Panic of 1873
Definition
5 yrs economic depression/contraction

class conflict => monetary issue
paper money vs. Civil War greenbacks
Term
Ex parte Milligan
Definition
military trials illegal when civil courts were open and functioning...REASSERTION OF SC AUTHORITY
Term
Slaughter-House cases
Definition
one company got monopoly of livestock, rival butchers sued.

14th amednment - state citizenship and national citizenship DIFFERENT - limited amendment
Term
Bradwell vs. Illinois
Definition
female attorney claimed right to practice law but restricted because F. claim rejected, further limiting 14th amendment power
Term
Samuel Tilden
Definition
Democratic governor of NY, ran against Rutherford Hayes in election of 1876
Term
Rutherford Hayes
Definition
(R) ran against Samuel Tilden in election of 1876, won despite dispute
Term
Election of 1876
Definition
Rutherford (R) vs. Tilden (D) -
disputed elecion... both parties claimed fraud by opponents

Congress elects 15-member electoral commision
Term
Exodusters
Definition
because of the betrayal of black rights, many migrated to Kansas and were labeled this, searching for the American Dream
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