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AP US Chapters 30 & 31 Vocab
N/A
53
History
11th Grade
02/03/2011

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Term
Herbert Croly
Definition
Author of The Promise of American Life. His theories were preached by TR.
Term
Arsene Pujo
Definition
Chair of the House committee. His findings were heeded by Democratic banking reformers, which traced the tentacles of the "money monster" into the hidden vaults of American banking.
Term
Louis Brandeis
Definition
Wilson's confidant, progressive-minded Massachusetts attorney. Wrote Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It.
Term
Victoriano Huerta
Definition
General, an Indian, installed by a conscienceless clique who had murdered the popular new revolutionary president.
Term
Venustiano Carranza
Definition
One of Huerta's principal rivals to whom arms flowed to from the US. Succeeded Huerta.
Term
Pancho Villa
Definition
A combination of bandit and Robin hood, first Huerta's rival, then Carranza's. Killed numerous Americans trying to provoke a mexican-american war.
Term
John Pershing
Definition
"Black Jack." A grim-faced and ramrod-erect veteran of the Cuban and Philippine campaigns, ordered the break up of the bandit band.
Term
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Definition
Had a villainous upturned mustache. Embodiment of arrogant autocracy. Ruled Germany during WWI.
Term
Charles Evans Hughs
Definition
Supreme Court justice, a cold intellectual who had achieved a solid liberal record when he was gov of NY. Changed his views about Germany in different places- "Charles Evasive Hughes"
Term
New Nationalism
Definition
was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election. He made the case for what he called the New Nationalism in a speech in Osawatomie, Kansas, on August 31, 1910. The central issue he argued was government protection of human welfare and property rights.[1] He insisted that only a powerful federal government could regulate the economy and guarantee social justice.
Term
New Freedom
Definition
the campaign speeches and promises of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential campaign. They called for less government but in practice as president he added new controls such as the Federal Reserve System and the Clayton Antitrust Act. More generally the "New Freedom" is associated with Wilson's first term as president
Term
Underwood Tariff
Definition
Provided for a substantial reduction of rates, reduced import fees.
Term
16th amendment
Definition
allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.
Term
Federal Reserve Act
Definition
Most important piece of economic legislation btwn the Civil War and the New Deal. The Board oversaw a nationwide system of twelve regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank.
Term
Federal Trade Commission Act
Definition
Empowered a presidentially appointed commission to turn a searchlight on industries engaged in interstate commerce, such as the meatpackers.
Term
Clayton Act
Definition
Lengthened the shopworn Sherman's Act list of business practices that were deemed objectionable, including price discrimination and interlocking directorates.
Term
Federal Farm Loan Act
Definition
Made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest.
Term
Seaman's Act
Definition
required decent reatment and a living wage on american merchant ships.
Term
Workingmen's Compensation Act
Definition
granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.
Term
Adamson Act
Definition
Established an 8 hr work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime.
Term
Jones Act
Definition
granted to the Philippines the boon of territorial status and promised independence as soon as a stable govt could be established.
Term
Central Powers
Definition
Germany, A-H, Turkey, Bulgaria.
Term
Allies
Definition
France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy.
Term
Lusitania
Definition
The British passenger liner torpedoed and sank off the coast of Ireland. 128 Americans died. Carried 4200 cases of small-arms ammunition.
Term
Arabic
Definition
A british liner sunk in August 1915, with the loss of two American lives. Caused Berlin to agree not to sink unarmed and unresisting passenger ships without warning.
Term
Sussex
Definition
French Passenger steamer, the torpedoing of it violated the Germans' pledge, infuriated Wilson.
Term
George Creel
Definition
Head of the Committee on Public Information, journalist, though outspoken and tactless, was gifted with zeal and imagination.
Term
Eugene V. Debs
Definition
Socialist, convicted under the Espionage Act in 1918. Ran for president in 1920 from a federal penitentiary.
Term
Bernard Baruch
Definition
Head of the War Industries Board. A lone eagle stock speculator.
Term
Herbert Hoover
Definition
Head of the Food Administration. Quaker-humanitarian.
Term
Alice Paul
Definition
Led the National Woman's party, quaker activist.
Term
Henry Cabot Lodge
Definition
New chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. The logical choice for Wilson to bring to Paris to make peace.
Term
Warren G. Harding
Definition
A genial senator of Ohio, ran as republican nominee in 1920, won by a landslide.
Term
James Cox
Definition
The democratic nominee in 1920, strongly supported the League of Nations. His running mate was FDR.
Term
Self-determination
Definition
the principle in international law, that nations have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or external interference.
Term
collective security
Definition
a security arrangement, regional or global, in which each state in the system accepts that the security of one is the concern of all, and agrees to join in a collective response to threats to, and breaches of, the peace.
Term
Conscription
Definition
the compulsory enrollment of people to some sort of public service, most often military service. The draft.
Term
"normalcy"
Definition
United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s campaign promise in the election of 1920.
Term
Zimmermann note
Definition
a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States. The proposal was declined by Mexico, but angered Americans and led in part to a U.S. declaration of war in April.
Term
14 Points
Definition
a speech delivered by United States President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918. The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. People in Europe generally welcomed Wilson's intervention, but his Allied colleagues (Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Vittorio Emanuele Orlando) were skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism.
Term
League of Nations
Definition
an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference, and the precursor to the United Nations. At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members. The League's primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing war through collective security, disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.
Term
Committee on Public Info
Definition
an independent agency of the government of the United States created to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I. Over just 28 months, from April 13, 1917, to August 21, 1919, it used every medium available to create enthusiasm for the war effort and enlist public support against foreign attempts to undercut America's war aims.
Term
Big 4
Definition
Clamenceau, Lloyd George, Wilson, Orlando.
Term
Espionage and Sedition acts
Definition
It prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support America's enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military recruitment. forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces
Term
Schenck v. US
Definition
a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 and concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to freedom of speech against the draft during World War I.
Term
Industrial Workers of the World
Definition
an international union. At its peak in 1923, the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. Its membership declined dramatically after a 1924 split brought on by internal conflict. IWW membership does not require that one work in a represented workplace, nor does it exclude membership in another labor union. Wobblies.
Term
War Industries Board
Definition
a United States government agency established on July 28, 1917, during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. The organization encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products.
Term
19th Amendment
Definition
Women's suffrage.
Term
18th amendment
Definition
Prohibition.
Term
bolsheviks
Definition
They ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.[4] The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and founded the Soviet Union.
Term
doughboys
Definition
an informal term for an American soldier, especially members of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I.
Term
irreconcilables
Definition
bitter opponents of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States in 1919.
Term
Treaty of Versailles
Definition
one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
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