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Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution
N/A
20
History
11th Grade
05/04/2013

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Term
Paxton Boys
Definition
Armed march on Philadelphia by Scots-Irish frontiersmen in protest against the Quaker establishments' lenient policies toward Native Americans.
Term
Regulator Movement
Definition
Eventually violent uprising of backcountry settlers in North Carolina against unfair taxation & the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite.
Term
Triangular Trade
Definition
Exchange of rum, slaves, & molasses between the North American Colonies, Africa, & the West Indies.  A small but immensely profitable subset of the Atlantic trade.
Term
Molasses Act
Definition
Tax on imported molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies.  It proved largely ineffective due to widespread smuggling.
Term
Arminianism
Definition
Belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on acceptance of God's grace.  Different from Calvinism, which emphasizes predestination & unconditional election.
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
Religious revival that swept the colonies.  Participating ministers, most notably Johnathan Edwards & George Whitefield, placed an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality.  A second Great Awakening arose in the 19th century.
Term
Old Lights
Definition
Orthodox clergymen who rejected the emotionalism of the Great Awakening in favor of a more relational spirituality.
Term
New Lights
Definition
Ministers who took part in the revivalist, emotive religious traditions pioneered by George Whitefield during the Great Awakening.
Term
Poor Richard's Almanack
Definition
Widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin.  Best known for its proverbs & aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality, & common sense.
Term
Zenger Trial
Definition
New York libel case against John Peter Zenger.  Established the principle that truthful statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel.
Term
Royal Colonies
Definition
Colonies where governors were appointed directly by the King.  Though often competent administrators, the governors frequently ran into trouble with colonial legislatures, which represented the imposition of control from across the Atlantic.
Term
Proprietary Colonies
Definition
Colonies-Maryland, Pennsylvania, & Delaware-under the control of local proprieters, who appointed colonial governors.
Term
Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crèvecoeur
Definition
French settler who wrote about the melting pot of America in the 1700s.
Term
Jacobus Arminius
Definition
Dutch theologian whose teachings created the threatening belief to Calvinism, Arminianism.
Term
Johnathan Edwards
Definition
His fiery sermons sparked the Great Awakening in America; one of the best theologians ever.
Term
George Whitefield
Definition
One of the greatest orators of his time; Englishman who visited America often to be another leader in the Great Awakening.
Term
John Trumbull
Definition
Young painter who had to move to London due to lack of education in the colonies.
Term
John Singleton Copley
Definition
Another aspiring painter who had to move to England to complete his education.
Term
Phillis Wheatley
Definition
Uneducated slave girl who wrote multiple books of poems.
Term
John Peter Zenger
Definition
Newspaper printer whose trial was monumental in gaining freedom of the press towards elected officials.
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