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AP Psychology!
Terms. People. Experiments. All involving Psychology
42
Psychology
11th Grade
05/10/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
Preventing dangerous impulses from being expressed in behavior by exaggerating opposite behavior
Term
Vacillation
Definition
Wavering in intention or feelings
Term
Regression
Definition
Retreating to an earlier stage of development or to earlier, less demanding habits or situations
Term
Projection
Definition
Attributing one's own feelings, shortcomings or unacceptable impulses ot others
Term
Compensation
Definition
Counteracting a real or imagined weakness by emphasizing desirable traits or seeking to excel in the area of weakness or in other areas
Term
Sublimation
Definition
Working off frustrated desires or unacceptable impulses in substitute activities that are constructive or accepted by society
Term
General Adaption Syndrome
Definition
A series of bodily reactions to prolonged stress, occurs 3 stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Term
Structuralism
Definition
The school of thought concerned with analyzing sensations and personal experience into basic elements
Term
Observer bias
Definition
Tendency of an observer to distort observations or perceptions to match his/her expectations
Term
Anthromorphic Error
Definition
Error of attributing human thoughts, feelings, motives to animals. esp. way of explaining their behavior
Term
Correlations
Definition
Existence of consistent, systematic relationship between 2 events, measures varaiables
Term
Single-bind/Double-bind
Definition
Subjects unaware
Subjects and experimenters unaware
Term
Phrenology
Definition
False and acquitted system that personality traits revealed with shape of skull
Term
Barnum Effect
Definition
Tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in general terms
Term
Iconic memory
Definition
Split-second perfect photograph of a scene
Term
Echoic memory
Definition
Perfect brief memory for sounds
Term
Three-box/information-processing model
Definition
Sensory, Short-term/working, and long-term memory
Term
Sensory memory
George Sperling
Definition
Split-second holding tank. George Sperling flashed grid of 9 letters 1/20th of a second. could recall numbers perfectly
Term
Cocktail party effect
Definition
talking to someone at party, but hear you name, FIRE attn goes to that
Term
Short-term/working memory
Chunking
Definition
memories currently working with and are aware of in our consciousness
Mnemonic devices (memory aids) one is chunking, put what you need to remember in groups no more than 7. rehearse or repeat
Term
Episodic memory
Definition
Memories of specific events, stored in sequential series of events
Term
Semantic memory
Definition
General knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories rather than sequentially
Term
Procedural memory
Definition
Memories of skills and how to perform then memories sequential, hard to describe in words
Term
Explicit (declarative) memories
Definition
Usually think of first, actively try to remember them
Term
Implicit (non-declarative)memories
Definition
Unintentional memories, may not realize we have
Term
Levels of Processing Model
Definition
deeply (elaboratively), processed or shallowly (maintenance) processed
Term
Retrieval
Definition
Two kinds: recognition (matching current event with one already in memory) and recall (retrieving memory with external cue)
Term
Primary Effect
Recency Effect
Definition
More likely to recall things at the beginning of the list
Ability to recall things at the end of list
Term
Flashbulb memories
Definition
Importance of event causes us to encode the context surrounding the event
Term
Retroactive/Proactive Interference
Definition
New info interferes with recall of old
Older info interferes with recall of new
Term
Anterograde Amnesia
Definition
Cannot encode new memories, procedural memory stored elsewhere, can learn new skills cerebellum
Term
Long-term potentation
Definition
neurons can strengthen connections btwn each other. repeat firings, receiving neuron become more sensitive to messages from sending neuron related to connections in long-term
Term
Phonemes/Morphemes
Definition
Smallest unit of sound/smallest unit of meaningful sound
Term
Holophrastic stage
Telegraphic speech
Definition
Speak in single words
Meaning clear, syntax absent
Term
Noam Chomsky/Nativist theory of language acquisition
Definition
Humans born with language acquisition device
Ability of children to learn lang. rapidly, window of learning a lang.
Term
Benjamin Whorf/Linguistic relatively hypothesis
Definition
Language controls, limits our thinking
Term
Algorithms
Heuristics
Definition
Rule guarantees right solution, formula or fool proof method
Rule of thumb, rule that is generally true can be used to make judgment
Term
Availability heuristics/representativeness heuristics
Definition
Judging situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially
Judging situation based how similar the aspects are to prototypes the person has in mind
Term
Framing
Definition
Way problem is presented
Term
Functional Fixedness
Definition
Inability to see use for object
Term
Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking
Definition
thinking pointed towards one solution
searches for multiple possible answers, creativity
Term
Priming
Definition
Respond more quickly/accurately to questions they have seen before
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