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AP Psychology
Chapter 6: Perception
46
Psychology
12th Grade
05/10/2009

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Term
psychokinesis
Definition
an ESP ability where one is supposedly able to levitate and move objects.
Term
illusions
Definition
reveal the way we normally organize and interpret our sensations.
Term
volley principle
Definition
for the higher pitches, cells may alternate their firing ro match the sound's frequency.
Term
connectedness
Definition
Gestalt principle that we tend to perceive uniform or attached items as a single unit.
Term
relative motion
Definition
as we move, objects at differetn distances appear to move a different rates.
Term
convergence
Definition
a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object; the greater inward the strain, the closer the object.
Term
perceptual adaption
Definition
in vision, the ability to adjust artificially displaced or even inverted vision/
Term
relative luminance
Definition
the amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings.
Term
interposition
Definition
an object partially covered by another is perceived as farther away.
Term
texture gradient
Definition
a gradual change from a coarse distinct texture to a fine, indistinct textrure singals increasing distance; objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed.
Term
perceptual constacy
Definition
perceiving objects as unchanged (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.
Term
perceptual set
Definition
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
Term
proximity
Definition
Gestalt principle that we group items that are close to each other.
Term
visual cliff
Definition
a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
Term
grouping
Definition
the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherant groups.
Term
monocular cues
Definition
depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either yet alone.
Term
depth perception
Definition
the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
Term
cataract
Definition
an opaque lens.
Term
precognition
Definition
An ESP ability to "see into the future."
Term
human factors psychology
Definition
a branch of psychology that explores how peple and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.
Term
inattentional blindness
Definition
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
Term
bottom-up processing
Definition
out tendency to perceive complete forms involving sensory analysis.
Term
retinal disparity
Definition
a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance--the graeter the difference between the two images, the closer the object.
Term
continuity
Definition
Gestalt principle that we organize stimuli into smooth, continuous patterns.
Term
figure-ground
Definition
the organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).
Term
telepathy
Definition
form of ESP in which people claim to be capable of reading others' minds.
Term
extrasensory perception (ESP)
Definition
the comtroversial claim the perception can occur apart from sensory input
Term
Gestalt
Definition
an organized whole; emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Term
linear perspective
Definition
parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.
Term
relative size
Definition
when two objects are presumed to be the same size, the one that casts a smaller retinal image is perceived as farther away.
Term
light and shadow
Definition
dimmer, or shaded objects seem farther away.
Term
relative clarity
Definition
objects that appear hazy are seen as farther away.
Term
closure
Definition
Gestalt princple that we fil in gaps to create a complete object.
Term
selective attention
Definition
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, such as the coktail party effect.
Term
change blindness
Definition
visual form of inattentional blindness.
Term
visual capture
Definition
the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.
Term
critical period
Definition
experiences of vision during infancy that are crucial for perceptual development, as shown by studies of sensory deprivation.
Term
clairvoyance
Definition
form of ESP in which a person "senses" events taking place in the present outside of one's basic senses.
Term
similarity
Definition
Gestalt principle that we group items that look alike.
Term
attachment
Definition
an emotional tie with another person; show in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
Term
habituation
Definition
decreasing repsonsiveness with repeated stimulation; as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
Term
relative height
Definition
objects lowe in the visual field are seen as nearer.
Term
parapsycholgy
Definition
the study of paranormal phenomenon, including ESP and psychokinesis.
Term
propagnosia
Definition
the perceptual disorder in which a person has lost the ability to recognize familiar faces.
Term
phi phenomenon
Definition
an illsion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.
Term
McGurk effect
Definition
occurs when we hear a speaker saying one syllable while blending another.
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