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AP Psychology
Chapter 12: Motivation and Work
45
Psychology
12th Grade
05/10/2009

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Term
ghrelin
Definition
hormone secreted by an empty stomach; when a portion of an obese person's stomach is surgically sealed off, the remaining stomach produces less of this.
Term
lateral hypothalamus
Definition
the brain area that drives animals to eat when electrically stimulated; if destroyed animals will stop eating.
Term
estrogen
Definition
a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males; in nonhuman mammals, levels of this peak during ovulation, promoting sexual sexual reproductivity.
Term
set point
Definition
the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set; when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Term
motivation
Definition
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Term
structure interviews
Definition
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
Term
sexual disorder
Definition
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning, such a premature ejaculation, erectile disfunction in men, and organsmic disorder in women.
Term
testosterone
Definition
the most important of the male sex hormones; both males and femals have it, but the additional amount of this in males stimulates growth of male sex organs in the fetus and developement of male sex characteristics during puberty.
Term
William Masters & Virgina Johnson
Definition
The two researchers who idenitified the four-stage sexual response cycle.
Term
recency error
Definition
a form of bias in performance appraisal which occurs when rates focus on easily remembered behaviors.
Term
anterior cingulate cortex
Definition
the area of the brain that responds to physical, and social ostracism in the same way.
Term
fraternal birth order effect
Definition
the phenomenon of men who have older brothers being somewhat more likely to be gay; may represent a defensive material immune response to substances produce by male fetuses that becomes stronger after each pregnancy.
Term
instinct
Definition
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Term
personal psychology
Definition
a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
Term
insulin
Definition
the hormone secreted by the pancreas.
Term
organizational psychology
Definition
a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates oraganizational change.
Term
erotic plasticity
Definition
the tendency for sexual orientation to be felt less strongly in women and potentially more changeable than in men; the tendency for more, more often then men, to be bisexual.
Term
four stage sexual repsonse cycle
Definition
in the act of sexual intercourse, the stages of the cycle are (1) excitement, (2) plateau, (3) organsm, and (4) resolution.
Term
grit
Definition
passionate dedication to an ambitious, long-term goal.
Term
PYY
Definition
digestive tract hormone that signals fullness.
Term
flow
Definition
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.
Term
refractory period
Definition
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another organsm.
Term
drive-reduction theory
Definition
the idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Term
glucose
Definition
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissue; when its level is low, we feel hunger.
Term
bullimia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, and excessive exercise.
Term
social leadership
Definition
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.
Term
voice effect
Definition
people respond more positively when are given the opportunity to voice their opinions during the decision-making process.
Term
task leadership
Definition
goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Term
industrial-organizational (IO) psychology
Definition
the application of psycholgy's concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Term
incentive
Definition
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Term
human factors psychology
Definition
a subfield of I/O psychology that foucses on the design of appliances, machines, and work environments.
Term
sexual orientation
Definition
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the opposite sex.
Term
halo error
Definition
a form of bias in performance appraisal which occurs when one trait biases ratings of other work-related behaviors.
Term
achievenment motivation
Definition
a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.
Term
homeostasis
Definition
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal statel the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Term
great person theory
Definition
an outdated leadership theory that assumes that all great leaders share certain traits.
Term
leniency/severity error
Definition
a form of bias in performance appraisal which occurs when evaluators to be either too easy or too harsh on everyone.
Term
hierarchy of needs
Definition
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, begining at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before safety needs and then higher-level psychological needs become active.
Term
neophobia
Definition
a genetically predisposed dislike of unfamiliar foods, particularly unfamiliar animal foods.
Term
basal metoabolic rate
Definition
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
Term
leptin
Definition
chemical substance secreted by bloated fat cells.
Term
ventromedial hypothalamus
Definition
the brain area that signlas fullness and drives animals to stop eating when stimulated; if destroy, animals will overeat.
Term
orexin
Definition
hunger-triggering hormone that is churned out by the lateral hypothalamus when blood sugar levels wane
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