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AP Psychology Chapter 9 Memory
Chapter Vocab
35
Psychology
12th Grade
04/28/2008

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Term
Memory
Definition
THe persistence of learning over time throught the storage and retrieval of information
Term
Flashbulb Memory
Definition
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Term
Encoding
Definition

The processing of information into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning

Term
Retrieval
Definition
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Term
Storage
Definition
The retention of encoded info over time
Term
Sensory Memory
Definition
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Term
Short-Term Memory
Definition
Activated memory that holds a few items bbriefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the info is stored or forgotten
Term
Long-Term Memory
Definition
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
Term
Working Memory
Definition
A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spaital ifo and of info retrieved from long-term memory.
Term
Automatic Processing
Definition
Unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned info, such as word meanings
Term
Effortful Processing
Definition
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Term
Rehearsal
Definition
The conscious repetition of info, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Term
Spacing Effect
Definition
The tendency for ditributed study or practive to yiel better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Term
Seriel Position Effect
Definition
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Term
Visual / Acoustic / Semantic Encoding
Definition

the encoding of picture images / encoding of sound / encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

Term
Imagery
Definition
Mental pictures; a powerful aid to efforful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
Term
Mnemonics
Definition
Memory aids, espeically those techniques that use vivd imagery and organizational devices
Term
Chunking
Definition
oRGANIZING ITEMS INTO FAMILIAR, MANAGEABLE UNITS, OFTEN OCCURS AUTOMATICALLY
Term
Iconic Memory
Definition
A momentary sensory memory of visual stiumul; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Term
Echoic Memory
Definition
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stiumuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Term
Amnesia
Definition
The loss of memory
Term
Implicit Memory
Definition
Retnetnion independenf of conscious recollection (also called procedural memory)
Term
Explicit Memory
Definition
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" (Also called declarative memory)
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
Term
Recall
Definition

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Term
Recognition
Definition
A measure of memory inwhich the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test
Term
Relearning
Definition
A memory measure that assess the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Term
Priming
Definition
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular association in memory.
Term
Deja Vu
Definition
The eerie sense that "I've experience this befores" Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Term
Mood-Congruent Memory
Definition
The tendency to Recall experiences that are consisten with one's current good or bad mood
Term
Pro-Active Interference
Definition
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info
Term
Retroactive Interference
Definition
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info
Term
REpression
Definition
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mehcanims that banishes from sconsciouness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
Term
Misinformation
Definition
Inoporating mis-leading info into one's memory of the event
Term
Source Amnesia
Definition
Attributing to the wrong souce an even we have experienced, heared about, read about, or imagine.
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