Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Psych modules 1 and 2
Vocabulary from the Psychology Seventh Edition In Modules textbook
40
Psychology
11th Grade
09/20/2014

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Cards

Term
Empiricism
Definition
The belief that science should be based on observations and experiments because knowledge stems from experience
Term
Structuralism
Definition
The process of teaching people to use introspection to gain insight into other peoples' feelings
Term
Functionalist
Definition
A person who focuses on how mental and behavioral processes work
Term
Psychology
Definition
The science of behavior and mental processes
Term
Nature vs. Nurture
Definition
The debate between whether we are born with our traits or we acquire them throughout our lives
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
Those with traits well equipped for life will live and pass those traits along, and those who don't will not pass along their bad traits
Term
Basic Research
Definition
Research conducted to get a baseline reading
Term
Applied Research
Definition
Research that focuses on problems applied to the real world
Term
Clinical Psychologists
Definition
People who study and treat people with psychological problems
Term
Psychiatrists
Definition
Medical doctors who can prescribe drugs for patients with sever mental illnesses
Term
Hindsight Bias
Definition
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Term
Critical Thinking
Definition
Thinking that doesn't blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
Term
Theory
Definition
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
A statement of the procedures used to define research variables
Term
Replication
Definition
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
Term
Case Study
Definition
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Term
Survey
Definition
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative random sample of them
Term
False Consensus Effect
Definition
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Term
Population
Definition
All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study
Term
Random Sample
Definition
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Term
Naturalistic Observation
Definition
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Term
Correlation Coefficient
Definition
A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Term
Scatterplot
Definition
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation
Term
Illusory Correlation
Definition
The perception of a relationship when none exists
Term
Experiment
Definition
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experiment controls other relevant factors
Term
Double Blind Procedure
Definition
An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation studies
Term
Placebo Effect
Definition
Experimental results caused by expectations alone; Any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent
Term
Experimental Condition
Definition
The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is to one version of the independent variable
Term
Control Condition
Definition
The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect for the treatment
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
The experimental factor that is manipulated. The variable whose effect is being studied
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The experimental factor - In psychology, the behavior or mental process - that is being measured; The variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Term
Mode
Definition
The most frequently occurring score in a distribution
Term
Mean
Definition
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores
Term
Median
Definition
The middle score in a distribution; Half of the scores are above it and half are below it
Term
Range
Definition
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Term
Statistical Significance
Definition
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
Term
Culture
Definition
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
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