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AP Psych Chapter 2
James Naire Psychology chapter 2
23
Psychology
12th Grade
10/21/2013

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Cards

Term
scientific method
Definition
1.) systematic observation
2.) regularities
3.) hypothesis
4.) evaluate hypothesis
5.) confirm or refine hypothesis
Term
descriptive research
Definition
tactics and methods underlying the direct observation and description of behavior
Term
reactivity
Definition
when behavior changes as a result of observing it, threatens external validity
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition
observing human behavior in its natural settings
EX. observing children playing on the playground
Term
participant observation
Definition
the observer becomes a part of what they are studying or observing
Term
case studies
Definition
focus on a single case to get detailed information about a specific issue
Term
survey research
Definition
used to get a broad sample of reported behavior using responses from many people. MUST GET REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE of population
Term
central tendencies
Definition
statistical values around which scores tend to cluster
Term
mean
Definition
arithmetic average of a set of scores
Term
mode
Definition
most frequent score in a data set
Term
median
Definition
middle score in a data set
Term
variability
Definition
gives an idea of how much scores in a data set differ from one another
Term
range
Definition
the difference between the lowest score and the highest score
Term
inferential statistics
Definition
area of stats based on laws of probability.
used to determine whether data is representative of a larger population or "STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT" (<5% chance) SAME RESULTS 90% OF TIME
Term
correlations
Definition
stats that indicate whether 2 variables are related or vary together in a symmetric way
Term
positive correlation
Definition
2 measure vary together in the same direction
Term
negative correlation
Definition
2 measures vary together in opposite directions
Term
correlation coefficients
Definition
higher the #, stronger the relationship
-1.00----------0----------+1.00
0 is no correlation exists
you will never have -1.00, 0, or +1.00
Term
causality
Definition
only experimental research can determine cause and effect relationships
Term
informed consent
Definition
must be informed of all factors affecting participation in an experimental study and consent must be in writing
Term
debriefing
Definition
must be told of the general purpose of the research and of any deception used after the conclusion of the experiment
Term
confidentiality
Definition
right to privacy must be protected and personal info may not be revealed without the participant's permission
Term
ethics of animal research
Definition
animals are used because it allows more experimental control
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