Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Psych Midterm Review 1
Terms and vocabulary to study for the AP test, or just a midterm (:
83
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
01/11/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What makes psychological research scientific?
Definition
precision, skepticism, reliance on empirical evidence, willingness to make risky predictions, openness.
Term
WIlliam James
Definition
father of functionalism
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
behaviorist*
Term
schools of psych
Definition
cognitive, psychoanalytic, humanistic, biological, socio-cultural
Term
confounding veriable
Definition
and variable besides the independent that could influence the results of the experiment
Term
collectivism
Definition
emphasized in cultures where something is expected in return for kindness
Term
ACh (Acetylcholine)
Definition
neurostransmitter that influences memory and learning.
when ACh is released, a muscle contracts (black widow bites)
when ACh is blocked, a muscle is paralyzed (botulin)
Term
dopamine
Definition
influences movement, learning, attention, emotion
too much dopamine=skizophrenia
too little dopamine=parkinson's
Term
seratonin
Definition
influences mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
too little seratonin=depression
therefore, antidepressants increase seratonin
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
alertness, arousal
undersupply can depress mood
Term
GABA
Definition
#1 inhibitory transmitter
too little can cause insomnia, tremors and seizures
Term
Glutamate
Definition
excitatory neurotransmitter
Term
Agonists
Definition
EXCITE
make neuron fire
Term
Antagonists
Definition
INHIBIT
like botulin, botox, curare
Term
SSRI
Definition
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Term
laterial vs. ventromedial hypothalamus
Definition
go hunger vs. stop hunger
Term
EEG
Definition
measures ELECTRICAL charges from neurons firing
Term
PET
Definition
measures which part of the brain is being used
Term
MRI
Definition
magnetic field aligns atoms
once "messed up" show where they are concentrated
Term
neuropeptides
Definition
regulate the activity of other neurons.
Term
PNS
Definition
somatic and autonomic systems
sensry, motor, and interneurons
somatic=carries info to and from CNS
organs (skeletal, voluntary action)
autonomic=carries info to and from sensory organs and skelatal muscles ( automatic, involuntary actions)
Term
CNS
Definition
brain and spinal chord
gathers information
processes information
produces responses to stimuli
coordinates working of cells
Term
spinal cord
Definition
produces reflex arCs like hand on stovve OUUWWW!
Term
autonomic system
Definition
sympathetic nervous system (awakens) and parasympatheic nervous system (calms)
Term
PARTS of a NEURON
Definition
dendrites, soma, axon, axon terminals
Term
dendrites
Definition
DETECT
neurontransmitters, receivers
Term
soma
Definition
SENDS
info down to nerves
Term
AXONS
Definition
ANNOUNCE
info away from soma
Term
axon terminals
Definition
neurotransmitter sitsss
Term
Endocrine system
Definition
made up of all glands that pur chemicals into blood (hormones)
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
regulates growth
and functioning of other glands
esp. thyroid, adrenal, and overies
MASTER GLAND
the master has a master and is controlled by the hypothalamus
Term
pineal gland
Definition
releases melatonin (these levels rise at dusk and peak at midnight)
Term
thyroid
Definition
regulates matabolism
Term
brain stem
Definition
medulla and pons
Term
pons
Definition
sleeping
walking
dreaming
Term
medulla
Definition
bodily functions
breathing
heart rate
Term
RAS/ reticular formation
Definition
a dense network of neurons that extends above the brain stem into the center of the brain and has connections with higher areas
alert/consciousness
Term
cerebellum
Definition
balance, coordinates muscles
Term
thalamus
Definition
TRAFFIC OFFICER of the brain
relays motor impulses
all senses' signals pass thu thalamus EXCEPT sense of smell
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
beneath the thalamus
hunger
thirst
motions
sex drive
reproduction
regulates body temp
controls autonomic nervous system
Term
endorphins
Definition
reduce pain, increase pleasure
most limit or prolong effects of neurotransmitters
increase when in pain or afraid
Term
hormones (3rd chemical messengers)
other 2 are neurotransmitters and endorphins
Definition
produced by endocrine glands
adrenal=heat, stress, caffine
Term
LOBES
Definition
occipital-sight
parietal-sensory
temporal-hearing, memory, perception, emotion, speeh on left (Wernicke)
frontal-motor, Brocal (left, speech), planning, organization, personality ( Phineas Gage)
Term
Limbic system
Definition
around thalamus, promotes survival of species
amygdala-FIGHTOR FLIGHT
hippocampus-gateway to memory
septum-inihbit bad behavior
hypothalamus-hunger
Term
learning (behavioral)
Definition
BF Skinner and Pavlov
Term
5 stages of catastrophe
Definition
psychinc numbness, automatic action (usually don't remember this), sense of great accomplishment, let-down, recover/adaption
Term
WHO COINED THE TERM FIGHT OR FLIGHT
Definition
cannon (:
Term
ARE
Definition
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Term
psychoneruoimmunology
Definition
mental states and how it affacts our immune system
Term
B Lymphocytes
Definition
BBBBone marrow antibodies to fight BBBB acterial infection
Term
B Lymphocytes
Definition
BBBBone marrow antibodies to fight BBBB acterial infection
Term
T Lymphocytes
Definition
TTTTheymus cancer cells and viruses
Term
Stockholm syndrome
Definition
captured and you start liking the people who took you
Term
2 stress hormones
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline)
Term
the inner part of adrenal hormones are called synaptic nerve endings
Definition
Term
te outer part of the adrenal gland is caled the cortical part
Definition
Term
GAS
Definition
Hans Selye-alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Term
hippocampus_________ due to stress
Definition
decreases
Term
declarative memory
Definition
explicit memory
Term
Kohlbergss stages...
Definition
trust vs mistrust (infant)
autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddler)
initiative vs guilt (3-5)
competency vs inferiority (elem.)
identity vs role confusion (adolescence)
intimacy vs isolation (young adult)
generativity vs stagnation (middle adult)
integrity vs despair (late adult)
Term
Law of Pragnanz (gestalt)
Definition
we like the simplest pattern, smallest, easiest to look at, etc,,
Term
somoesthetic senses
Definition
soma=body
esthetic=feel
soo...routine activities like walking needs somesthetic info.
Term
vestibular sense
Definition
motion and sickness
Term
skin receptors
Definition
pressure, touch, pain, cold, warm
Term
the oblique effect
Definition
most everything is perpendicular, not slanted or circular
Term
convergance
Definition
eyes come together to look at somehting
Term
retinal disparity
Definition
eyes can't focus on one point, go in two different directions
Term
phi phenomenon
Definition
perception of motion where none is occuring
Term
stroboscopic motion
Definition
flashes make pictures look like they're moving
Term
gustation=taste
Definition
Term
transduction
Definition
turning physical in to something neural
Term
frequency
Definition
# of vibrations wave emits in a given amount of time
Term
amplitude
Definition
how stong the sound is-peak to valley
Term
4 steps to hearing
Definition
1. soundwaves-inner ear-timpanic membrane, hammer, stirrup, cochlea vibrate
2. fluid wave causes basilar membrane to vibrate
3. BM converts vibrations into neural impulses
4. neural impulses into suditory cortex to auditory nerve
Term
VISION/HEARING
wavelegnth
amplitude
composition
Definition
hue, brightness, pitch
pitch, loudness, timbre (complexity)
Term
inner ear
Definition
hammer, anvil, stirrup
COCHLEA
Term
parts of the eye
Definition
iris, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve
Term
iris
Definition
muscle that controls the lens
Term
pupil
Definition
opening in the iris through which light enters the eye.
amount of light allowed to enter the eye is determined by pupil, and controlled by ANS
Term
lens
Definition
transparent
bends to accomodate for amount of light coming in
Term
retina
Definition
bent light rays focus here
innermost layer
rods and cones inside
Term
optic nerve
Definition
convergence of nerve fibers at the blind spot leading to the brain
Term
ORDER OF STUFF
Definition
ganglion, bipolar, cones, rods
Supporting users have an ad free experience!