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AP Psych Chapter 4
chapter 4 vocab
35
Psychology
12th Grade
01/14/2008

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Adolescence

Definition

 

 

 

Life between childhood and adulthood

Term

 

 

Puberty

Definition

 

 

2 year period of rapid development during which there is a surge of hormones, making you sexually mature

Term

 

 

Primary sex characteristics

Definition

 

 

External genitalia and reproductive organs

Term

 

 

secondary sex characteristics

Definition

 

 

non-reproductive traits such as facial hair and deeping voice in boys and breast and hip development in girls.

Term

 

2 characteristics of adolescent cognitive development

Definition

1. In early adolescence your reasoning is self-focused and you think your private experiences are unique

 

2. As you become capable of abstract thinking, you detect inconsistencies in other people's reasoning and note hypocrisy

Term

 

 

Aging

Definition

 

The older people get, the harder it is to tell differences between two ages

 

(ie - big difference between 2 year old and 6 year old, but not big differnce between 31 and 34)

Term

 

menopause

Definition

 

End of the menstrual cycle caused by reduction in estrogen production

 

* foremost biological sign of aging in women

Term

 

Amyloid Plagues

Definition

 

clumps of deteriorating nerve tissue

Term

 

Neurofibrillary tangles

Definition

 

tangled nerve fibers

Term

 

 

dementia

Definition

 

mental disintegration; when you have trouble making decision, don't remember anything, and can't think logically.

Term

 

Alzhiemer's Disease

(stages aka what you lose first)

Definition

 

early stages seem like normal forgetfullnes

 

* memory goes first in brain aging

* then reasoning (bathing, eating, dressing, etc)

* language goes last

 

Term

 

Acetylcholine

Definition

 

important for cell communication

Term

 

prospective memory

Definition

 

memory for doing daily things

(last memory to go)

Term

 

character

Definition

 

the psychological muscles for controlling impulses

Term

 

moral reasoning

Definition

 

 

the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong

Term

 

preconventional memory

Definition

 

 

* before age 9

* people obet either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards (self-interest)

Term

 

 

conventional morality

Definition

 

*by early adolescence

* care for others and uphold laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules

* do what others expect you to - take others' perspectives for social approval

Term

 

postconventional morality

Definition

 

* found in some people who are in the formal operational stage of thought

* affirms people's agreed upon rights or follows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles

Term

 

 

competence vs inferiority

Definition

 

elementary school (6yrs-puberty)

Term

 

 

identity vs role confusion

Definition

 

 

adolescence (teen years into 20s)

Term

 

 

intimacy vs isolation

Definition

 

 

young adulthood (20s to early 40s)

Term

 

 

generativity vs stagnation

Definition

 

 

middle adulthood (40s to 60s)

Term

 

integrity vs despair

Definition

 

 

late adulthood (late 60s and up)

Term

 

3 identities teenagers can take on

(according to Erikson)

Definition

 

 

1. that of their parents

2. a negative one

3. none at all

Term

 

 

intimacy

Definition

 

the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood

Term

 

 

cross sectional studies

Definition

 

 

studies in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Term

 

 

longitudinal study

Definition

 

 

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a period of years

Term

 

"He who lives with his wits, dies with his wits"

Definition

 

keep active, maintain your hobbies and use your brain into retirement to keep you from declining in intelligence

Term

 

 

crystallized intelligence

Definition

 

 

one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills - increases with age

Term

 

 

fluid intelligence

Definition

 

 

one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly - tends to decrease during late adulthood

Term

 

 

social clock

Definition

 

 

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, etc.

Term

 

 

life events

Definition

 

 

events marking transitions to new life stages (increasingly occuring at unpredictable ages)

ex. marriage, parenthood, moving out of parents' house, etc.

Term

 

 

empty nest syndrome

Definition

 

 

a feeling of distress focusing on a loss of purpose in and relationship when last child leaves the house

Term

 

 

Kohlberg

Definition

 

 

formulated a stage theory of moral development based on reasoning in ethical dilemmas

Term

 

 

gender differences

Definition

 

 

women are better at reading emotional cues and have more empathy.

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