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AP Psyc First Semester Final
beep
106
Psychology
12th Grade
12/14/2010

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Term
Thalamus
Definition
In the brain stem
Links sensory perception to the cortex
Term
How many brain cells does the average human have?
Definition
100 billion
Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
Smell and executive function; Personality
Term
Parietal Lobe
Definition
Bodily sensations
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
Visual
Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition
Hearing
Term
What parts of the brain are in the central nervous system?
Definition
Brain
Spinal Chord
12 Cranial nerves
Term
Cerebellum:
Definition
Balance and coordination
Term
What parts of the brain are in the Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
Somatic
Autonomic
Sensory Neurons
Motor Neurons
Term
Medulla
Definition
In the brain step
responsible for the vital functions
Term
PONS
Definition
In the brain stem
Sleep and arousal
Term
Reticular Formation
Definition
In the brain stem
Responsible for focus
Term
Broca’s Area
Definition
Damage causes problems with speech or writing
Grammar and punctuation are poor
“bife” instead of “wife
Term
Wernicke’s Area
Definition
“stool” when shown a picture of a chair
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition
MAIN GLAND
Sleeping, Melatonin
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
Responsible for growth hormone and dwarfism, gigantiscism IM TOO LAZY TO SPELL
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
Responsible for growth hormone and dwarfism, gigantiscism IM TOO LAZY TO SPELL
Term
Thyroid Gland
Definition
Metabolism, depression
Term
Adrenal Gland
Definition
Provides epinephrine, adrenaline
Term
Experimental Group
Definition
subjects exposed to treatment
Term
Control Group
Definition
Subjects not exposed to treatment, provides point of reference for comparison
Term
Independant Variables
Definition
Conditions altered by experimenter
Term
Dependent Variables
Definition
Measures of performance
Term
Extraneous Variables
Definition
conditions researcher wishes to prevent from affecting the outcome of experiment
Term
Clinical Case Study
Definition
In-depth focus on all aspects of a single person
Term
Germinal Period
Definition
Same as zygote
First two weeks
Term
Embryonic Period
Definition
Embryo
2-8 weeks
Term
Fetal Period
Definition
Fetus
From eight weeks until birth
Term
Teratogens
Definition
harmful substances capable of altering fetal development
Term
Maturation
Definition
biological, relatively uninfluenced by environment
Term
Readiness
Definition
A condition met allowing rapid acquisition of skill
Term
Deprivation
Definition
Loss of normal environment
Term
Enrichment
Definition
Novel environment
Term
Moro reflex
Definition
Dropping the baby
Term
Rooting reflex
Definition
the cheek rubbing
Term
Suckling Reflex
Definition
exactly what it sounds like
Term
Konrad Lorenz
Definition
1962
Imprinting
Guy with the ducklings
Term
Imprinting
Definition
Instinctive, relatively permanent type of learning that occurs during a limited period of life
Term
Secure attachment
Definition
(63%) stable positive emotional bond
Term
Insecure Avoidant
Definition
(22%) anxious emotional bond marked by tendency to avoid reunion with caregiver
Term
Insecure-Ambivalent
Definition
(10%) anxious emotional bond marked by desire to be and not be with caregiver
Term
Mutual Gaze Transactions:
Definition
are psychobiological transmissions between mother and infant, where the mother must be psychobiologically attuned to the infants internal state
Term
Cognative Developement
Definition
Piager's stages
Term
Cognition
Definition
all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering
Term
Schemas
Definition
Concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Term
Assimilation
Definition
interpreting new experiences into a schema
Term
Accommodation
Definition
adapting one’s current schemas to incorporate new information
Term
Piager’s Stages
Definition
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operations:
Term
Sensorimotor Stage
Definition
0-2 years
Object permanence
Term
Object Permanence
Definition
an understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight
Term
Preoperational Stage
Definition
2-7 years
Symbolic thinking appears
Mostly intuitive
Egocentric Thinking: unable to take viewpoint of another
Theory of Mind: the ability to take the perspective of
Term
Concrete Operational Stage
Definition
7-11 years
Law of Conservation
Use time, space, and number concepts concretely
Reversibility of thought occurs during this stage
Term
Formal Operations
Definition
11 years and up
Abstract Principles
Term
Abstract Principles
Definition
: thinking about one’s thoughts, hypothetical possibilities
Term
Vygotsky
Definition
proposed children learn though dialogues with more capable persons
Term
Scaffolding
Definition
process of adjusting instruction so that is it responsive to a beginner’s behavior and supports the efforts to understand a problem or gain a mental skill
Term
Frued
Definition
Humanistic
Dual Instinct proposition
Very into dreams and unconscious
Sex with mom and dad theory
Id Ego and Super ego
Term
Dual Pleasure Propsition
Definition
Pleasure Principle: Eros- Seek pleasure, avoid pain

Death Instinct: Thanatos- an urge in life to restore an earlier state of things
Term
Intrinsic
Definition
occurs when we act without any obvious rewards
Term
Extrinsic
Definition
occurs when we act due to external factors, grades, rewards, money, etc.
Term
Robert Pluthik’s 8 Primary Emotions
Definition
Fear
Surprise
Sadness
Disgust
Anger
Anticipation
Joy
Trust
Term
Arousal Theory
Definition
Low Arousal- performance low
High Arousal- performance low
Optimal level of arousal will improve performance
Term
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Definition
Excessive arousal is almost always certain to reduce performance
Term
Circadian Rhythms
Definition
Larger cycle of arousal
Daily, large changes in body temperature, blood pressure, and amino acid levels
Term
Lateral hypothalamus
Definition
when ”turned on” we eat
Term
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Definition
stop mechanism
Term
Para ventricular nucleus
Definition
keeps blood sugar levels steady
Term
Hyperphagia
Definition
Over-eating
Term
Intelligence
Definition
Global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment.
Usually reasoning, problem-solving, knowledge, and memory are key characteristics of intelligence
Term
Aptitude
Definition
Capacity for learning certain abilities
Term
Giftedness
Definition
Possession of a high IQ or special talents
Signs- seeking out older children and adults, early fascination with problem solving, talking in complete sentences by 2 or 3.
Term
Testing for Intelligence:
Definition
General Intelligence Tests
WAIS
Special Aptitude Test
Clerical work ability
Multiple Aptitude Tests
SAT
Achievement Tests
Psychology Test
Term
Intelligence Quotient
Definition
mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100
Term
Eugenics
Definition
Selective Breeding
Term
Soma
Definition
White Neuron Body
Term
Dendrites
Definition
recieve input into the cell body
Term
Axon
Definition
Covered by the Mycelin Sheath
Grey
Output of the cell
Covered in the grey stuff as lubricant
Term
Synapse
Definition
End of the axon
Term
Ion Channels
Definition
Gates, let potassium flow in
Term
Charles Whitman Case Study
Definition
Student at University of Texas at Austin 1966
Grew up in upper-middle class family
Excelled in academics, well liked
Abused by father
Enlisted in the Marine Corps
Term
Tower Massacre
Definition
August 1st, 1966
Using five assault rifles killed 14, wounded 32 others
Killed his wife and mother
Term
Brainstem level of consciousness
Definition
Global state of being awake, aware, and alert
Term
Core Consciousness
Definition
Convergence zone, map of musculoskeletal body
Consists of fluctuating coupling of current stat of self with current state of object world
Term
Extended Consciousness
Definition
Consciousness of consciousness
Autobiographical self
Term
Personality
Definition
A persons unique pattern of thinking, emotions, and behavior
Term
Common Traits
Definition
Traits shared by most members of a culture
Term
Individual Traits
Definition
Describe an individuals uniqueness
Term
Central Traits
Definition
Core traits that characterize an individual
Term
Cardinal Traits
Definition
A trait so basic it almost defines the person
Term
Secondary Traits
Definition
Inconsistent or superficial traits
Term
Big Five Traits
Definition
Extroversion: interpersonal vs. intrapersonal
Agreeableness: friendly vs. indifferent
Conscientious: responsible vs. undependable
Neuroticism: anxious
Openness to experience
Term
Psychoanalytic Theory
Definition
Id Ego Super ego
Term
Id
Definition
operates under the pleasure principle, basic, primal
Term
Ego
Definition
Operates under the reality principle, part of you in class, learning this
Directs the energies of the id
Term
Superego
Definition
operates as the internalized parent
Term
Oral Stage
Definition
infant’s pleasure comes from mouth
Fixation leads to oral-dependent personality
Term
Anal Stage
Definition
child between 1 and 3
Toilet training
Fixation leads to anal-retentive personality, someone who is compulsive, stingy
Term
Phallic Stage
Definition
childhood between 3 and 6
Child becomes aware of sexuality
Narcissist, Oedipal conflict or Electra complex
Term
Latency
Definition
not a stage rather a quite time
Term
Genital Stage:
Definition
puberty to full adult sexuality
Term
The Unconscious
Definition
Hidden forces which hold repressed memories, emotions, and drives
Evidence of the unconscious, Freudian slips and dream images
Modern research confirms repressive action of Limbic system
Term
Carl Jung
Definition
College of Freud’s from Switzerland
Throughout Freud’s view of the unconscious was too restrictive.
Collective Unconscious:
Term
Collective Unconscious
Definition
Conceptualized a collective unconscious shared by all humans
Think collection of images/potentials, and think community
Structured by Archetypes: image potentials filled in by a culture
Term
Behavioral Theory
Definition
Collection of learned behavioral patterns
Learning theories reject the idea that personality is made up of traits
Situations determine behavior and our personality
Term
Social Learning Theory
Definition
Actions are affected by our expectancy
Reinforcement value is the subjective value one attaches to a particular activity
Expected reinforcement value vs. past reinforcement value
Self-reinforcement: rewarding self for having made a particular response
Term
Humanistic Theory
Definition
Maslow and Self-Actualization
Positive Psychology: Positive Personality Traits
Humanistic view of development
Humanism – Rogers
Self-Theory
Self is a flexible and changing perception of personal identity
Personal structure
Self-Image representation of body and personality
Incongruent personality
Ideal self, self image and true self are not matched
Congruent personality
All matched up
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