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AP GOV COURT CASES
N/A
27
History
12th Grade
01/13/2009

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Cards

Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
Outlawed racial segregation in schools, public places, and employment. Passed under LBJ.
Term
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Definition
Made literacy tests illegal and made states with a history of discrimination submit plans to change their procedures to the federal government.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
Established principle of separate but equal
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
Term
Brown v. Board of Education II
Definition
Kept decision and said that local areas need to implement the Court's decision "with all deliberate speed."
Term
13th Amendment
Definition
Abolished slavery.
Term
14th Amendment.
Definition
Privileges of Immunities Clause, Due Process, and Equal Protection Clause.
Term
15th Amendment.
Definition
Grants voting rights regardless of race, color, previous condition of servitude to all people.
Term
Loving v. Virginia
Definition
Prevented interracial marriage.
Term
Regents of the U of C v. Bakke
Definition
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that it is illegal to use racial quotas to reserve spaces for minority members in college if non-minority members do not have an opportunity to compete for those spaces. It did not, however, outlaw considering race in the college admissions process.
Term
Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger
Definition
Upheld the University of Michigan's admissions practices which favoured minority members.
Term
United States v. Paradise
Definition
Upheld the use of strict quotas as one of the only means to combat racism (in the police force they forced them to promote one black officer for every white officer promoted).
Term
Lawrence v. Texas
Definition
State legislatures no longer have authority to make private sexual behaviour a crime
Term
Defense of Marriage Act
Definition
Designed to define and protect the institution of marriage as being between a man and a woman
Term
Romer v. Evans
Definition
Explicitly extended fundamental civil rights protections to gays by declaring the COlorado state constitution unconstitutional.
Term
Equal Pay Act
Definition
ade it illegal to pay men and women different wage rates for equal work on jobs that require equal skill, effort, and responsibility and are performed under similar working conditions.
Term
Equal Rights Amendment
Definition
was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution which was intended to guarantee equal rights under the law for Americans regardless of sex. The ERA failed to gain ratification before its deadline and although it has been reintroduced in every Congress since 1982, public attention to it has greatly diminished.
Term
National Organization of Women
Definition
first major campaign involved picketing of the equal employment opportunity commission for its refusal to ban sex-segregated employment advertisement. Largest American feminist organization.
Term
Minor v. Happersett
Definition
Said that voting legislation saying the limitation of suffrage to male citizens was not an infringement of the Minors rights under the 14th Amendment
Term
Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company
Definition
companies may not use job classification systems that discriminate on the basis of gender. Demands that individual weight requirements be tested by companies regardless of gender
Term
HUAC
Definition
house committee on un-American activities was an investigative committee of the United States of America. Anti-communist.
Term
Smith Act
Definition
Known as the Alien Registration Act. United States federal statute that made it a criminal offense for anyone to talk about or organize the overthrow of the US Government (anti-communist)
Term
Idaho v. Freeman
Definition
Idaho’s ratification of the ERA was rescinded, as way any legislature’s timely rescission of a constitutional amendment, and congress’s attempted extension of time for the ratifications was null and void
Term
American Indian Religious Freedom Act
Definition
U.S. federal law and joint resolution of Congress that pledged to protect and preserve the traditional religious rights of Indians. Inadequately enforced and additional reforms still needed (?).
Term
Indian Reorganization Act
Definition
During New Deal, federal legislation which secured certain rights to Indians. These include a reversal of the Dawes act’s of privatization of Indian. Restored to Indians the management of their assets and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of reservations.
Term
Yates v. U.S.
Definition
Said that to violate the Smith act you must plan the overthrow of the government, not mearly believe in it. Yates’ rights of free speech were returned (he had made statemtns about hurting the government)
Term
Americans with Disabilities Act
Definition
Requires public facilities to have wheelchair ramps.
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