Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Euro Growth of Nation-States IDs
.
35
History
10th Grade
10/03/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
King Philip II
Definition
Spanish Catholic king whose Calvinist subjects in the Low Countries revolted against him; his armada was defeated when he tried to invade England.
Term
The Thirty Years' War
Definition
Began as a religious conflict; led to decline of Holy Roman Empire. Austrian Hapsburgs vs. Muslim Ottoman Turks. Four phases: Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, and French. Austrians eventually gained control of Bohemia, Hungary, and Transylvania.
Term
Suleiman the Magnificent
Definition
Attacked Austria in 1683, but was defeated.
Term
Ivan the Terrible
Definition
Autocratic Russian expansionist who limited the power of the nobles (boyars), expanded the realm, and solidified the role of czar.
Term
Time of Troubles
Definition
After Ivan the Terrible's death; marked by civil war and the lack of a heir. Ended when the nobles established the Romanov dynasty in 1613.
Term
Peter the Great
Definition
Expanded the power of the state and of the czars. Westernized Russia.
Term
The Holhenzollern, Fredrick William
Definition
Ruled Brandenburg, an electrorate of the HRE which became semi-independent after the Thirty Years' War. Solidified Brandenburg by weakening the nobles (Junkers) and supressing the peasants.
Term
Francis I
Definition
Ruled France. Tried to weaken the Hapsburgs. Consolidated absolutism by instituting the taille (tax on land and property) Created the Concordat of Bologna.
Term
Concordat of Bologna
Definition
Created by Francis I. Granted the Pope the right to collect annates in return for the power to nominate high officials in the French church.
Term
Annates
Definition
The first year's revenue from Church offices.
Term
Henry II
Definition
French ruler. Successor to Francis I. Persecuted the Hugenots (French Calvinists.)
Term
Francis II and Charles IX
Definition
French rulers. Also persecuted the Hugenots, which lead to civil war.
Term
Catherine Medici
Definition
Issued edict of toleration against persecution of Hugenots, halting civil war. Mother of, and regent for, Charles IX.
Term
The Massacre of St. Bartholemew's Day
Definition
Renewed the civil war. Catholic mobs slaughtered Huguenot leaders who had gathered in Paris to celebrate a royal wedding.
Term
Henry IV
Definition
Henry of Navarre. Hugenot who converted to Catholicism. Passed the Edict of Nantes.
Term
Edict of Nantes
Definition
Issued by Henry IV. Granted civil and religious freedom to the Huguenot minority.
Term
Duke of Sully
Definition
Financial minister of Henry IV. Reformed the tax collection system, improved transportation, and stimulated trade and prosperity, which lead to an increase in the power of the monarchy.
Term
Cardinal Richelieu
Definition
Prime minister to Louis XIII. His policies centralized the government and strengthened absolutism.
Term
Louis XIV
Definition
The Sun King. Absolute monarch. Ruled from Versailles.
Term
Mazarin
Definition
Prime minister for Louis XIV's mother, who ruled as his regent. Protected Louis's claim to the throne during the Ars of the Frondes.
Term
Wars of Frondes
Definition
Reached their height from 1650 to 1652. The Frondeurs were nobles who sought to limit the powers of the monarch and decentralize the government to extend their own influence.
Term
Divine right theory of rule
Definition
"God wants you to obey absolute monarchs."
Term
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Definition
"Father of French Mercantilism." Louis XIV's financial minister. Abolished internal tariffs and created a free trade zone in most of France. Stimulated industry by building up the military. Wanted to make France self-sufficient.
Term
Henry VII
Definition
First of the Tudor monarchs. Ended the Wars of the Roses. Regulated trade and commerce; used revenues from the middle class to keep the nobility in check. Court of the Star Chamber administered central justice.
Term
Henry VIII
Definition
Sucessor to Henry VII. Had six wives. His reign lead to the English Reformation.
Term
Mary Tudor
Definition
Henry VIII's daughter by Catherine of Aragon. Catholic. Married to Philip II of Spain. Burned Protestants at the stake, earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary."
Term
Elizabeth I
Definition
Henry VIII's daughter by Anne Boleyn. Last and greatest of the Tudor monarchs. Elizabethan Era.
Term
The Thirty-Nine Articles
Definition
Passed by Elizabeth I. Followed Protestant doctrine to remove Catholic religious influence, but were pretty fair to Catholics as well.
Term
Sir Francis Drake
Definition
Lead the English fleet to defeat Philip II.
Term
The Stuart Kings
Definition
James I was the first, taking the throne upon Elizabeth's death. Succeded by Charles I. Fought with Parliament, leading to the English Civil War.
Term
The Stuart Restoration
Definition
Began in 1660. The Protectorate/Commonwealth ended, and Charles II was crowned.
Term
Tories
Definition
Made up of nobles, the gentry, and the Anglicans. Conservatives who supported the monarchy over Parliament and wanted Anglicanism to be the state religion.
Term
Whigs
Definition
Mostly middle-class and Puritan. Favored Parliament and religious toleration.
Term
The Glorious Revolution
Definition
Overthrow of King James II of England by William of Orange, aka William Nassau.
Term
John Locke
Definition
English Englightenment philosopher. "Consent of the governed."
Supporting users have an ad free experience!