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AP Euro Chapter 15
Successful and Unsuccessful Paths To Power 1686-1740
29
History
10th Grade
04/22/2007

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Term
What were key differences between the Netherlands and other 17th and 18th century European nations?
Definition
They were a republic, had greater religious toleration, and were economically prosperous.
Term
What was the leading banking center of Europe during the mid-eighteenth century?
Definition
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Term
What were the foundations of Dutch economic achievement?
Definition
Urbanization, transformed agriculture, extensive trade and finance, and an overseas commercial empire.
Term
What was the cause of the economic Decline of the Netherlands in the 18th Century?
Definition
The death of William II of Britain in 1702 ended the time of political unity through a strong stadholder. The 7 provinces prevented a new one from taking power. The British gained naval supremacy.
Term
Who succeeded Louis XIV and who was his regent?
Definition
His grandson, 5 year old Louis XV and regent the duke of Orleans.
Term
What did John Law believe was the solution to France's economic problems?
Definition
An increase in paper-money supply would stimulate France's economic recovery.[image]
Term
What was the Mississippi Bubble?
Definition
John Law's financial scheme which resulted in "burst" on February 1720 when all gold payments were halted in France because the bank could not provide it to redeem paper money.
Term
Parlements
Definition
The parlements could not legislate, they chose to recognize the legality of acts. There were many of them, they were courts dominated by the nobility.
Term
Pragmatic Sanction (1713)
Definition
The instrument that Charles VI used to assure his daughter Marie Theresa inheritance of the Habsburg Empire. It was breached by Frederick II when he invaded Silesia.
Term
Quieta non movere
Definition
"Let sleeping dogs lie" This was Robert Walpole's favorite Slogan which was directed to pursue peace.[image]
Term
Mississippi Company
Definition
The monopoly which John Law organized and which did the following things:
"1. Issued paper money
2. Organized a monopoly on trading privileges w/ Louisiana
3. Managed the national debt by issuing its own stock"
Know its failure!
Term
South Sea Company
Definition
Managed british national debt. Wen the price of the stock soared there was a crash. Walpol intervened and became the hero. (kinda like-a English Mississippi Bubble...)
Term
Political Life in England 18th Century
Definition
"Characterized by freedom - newspapers and debate, freedom of speech, no large standing army, Tories openly opposed the king; limits were imposed on Walpole's power; Parliament was responsive to popular pressure"
Term
Cardinal Fleury(1653-1743)
Definition
Realist french monarchy serving clerical politician. Wanted peace and solved part of France's financial problems(couldn't fully because of nobles/church did were not taxed...), but failed at prepared Louis XV to be an effective monarch.
Term
Parlements
Definition
Governing bodies not allowed to legislate, but given the authority to approve or disapprove of royal law; duke of Orleans gave the parlements full authority, and so they became a center for resistance to the king's laws (18th Century)
Term
Tories (18th century)
Definition
"Initially: supported a strong monarchy, low taxes, and Anglicanism

But then: favored peace in the war with France and, finding themselves at odds with the Whigs, rally behind James Edward

And so: when George became king, Tories were denied public office and patronage"
Term
Hanoverian Dynasty
Definition
"German line of inheritance to the English throne; began with King George I after the Act of Settlement"
Term
Whigs
Definition
"Initially: favored Parliamentary sovreignty, commercial interests, and religious toleration But then: sought the favor of future King George I, so they support German interests in the war with France; the plan works And so: When George becomes king, Whigs are allowed public office and patronage"[image]
Term
Maritime Nations Influence factors
Definition
naval strength, economic progress, foreign trade, domenstic administration
conflicts occured on high seas and empires more than in europe
established borders with populations that accepted government authority
Term
Maritime Nations Influence factors
Definition
naval strength, economic progress, foreign trade, domenstic administration
conflicts occured on high seas and empires more than in europe
established borders with populations that accepted government authority
Term
Central/Eastern Europe Factors
Definition
Economically less advanced, agrarian economies, more serfs, no empires(overseas) little overseas trade, princes ad principalities did not want to centralize
Term
Charles XII(r.1697-1718)
Definition
Headstrong, maybe insan King of Sweden who led brilliant campaign in the Great Northern War.Was defeated at Battle of Poltava and sought refuge in Turkey.[image]
Term
Great Northern War
Definition
1700-1721 Sweden/Russia War CharlesXII/Peter the Great in which Russian conquered large section of eastern Baltic, and Prussia part of Pomerania.[image]
Term
millets
Definition
units through which the ottoman sultens governed their empire through. Officially recognized religious communities which had specific laws to those who belonged to them
Term
dhimmis
Definition
non islamic persons in the ottoman empire. allowed to practice religion, though second class citizens
Term
jizyah
Definition
special polls tax which dhimmis paid
Term
Devshirme
Definition
practice of recruiing elite troops from Christian communities to ensure loyalty to Ottoman empire. These boys were raised as muslims and organized into elite military units.
Term
Janissaries
Definition
Most famous infantry troops of Christian elite troops (devshirme)[image]
Term
In the ottorman empire, was it believed to be better to be a favored slave, or a free subject?
Definition
A favored slave. This is because the practice of devshirme combined the elite army with the administration of the empire
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