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AP Biology: Unit One
Mr. Cliff's first unit
22
Biology
12th Grade
09/21/2008

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Term
Steps in Scientific Method
Definition

1. Observation

2. Hypothesis

3. Experiment

4. Conclusion 

Term
HMS Beagle Findings
Definition

Different species of finches adapted to their surroundings.

Found fossils of armadillos, extinct at his time, that closely resembled armadillos of the time. 

Term
13/4 Most Common Elements
Definition
C HOPKINS CaFe MgNaCl
CHON
Term
Reasons for Big 4 Elements?
Definition
H2O makes most of biomass
C in every organic molecule(binding sites)
All can form gases, covalent bonds
Term
Special Properties of Water
Definition
Adhesion, Cohesion, High scpecific heat, Soluble
Term
Functional Groups
Definition
Hydroxyl -OH
Carboxyl -COOH
Amino - NH2
Phosphate - PO4
Carbonyl - CO
Methyl - CH3
Term
Function of structural groups
Definition
They give molecules their chemical characteristics
Term
Important polysaccharides
Definition
Starches, Glycogen, amylose, Cellulose, Pectin, Chitin
Term
Starch
Definition
Storage forms of carbs
Term
Animal starch
Definition
Glycogen - stores energy
Term
Amylose
Definition
Plant starch
Term
Cellulose
Definition
Skeleton of plant
Term
Pectin
Definition
Found in fruits, structure
Term
Important lipids
Definition
Phospholipid - make bilayer of cell membrane, Tryglyceride - fat molecule, Terpenes - long chain lipids for pigment, Steroids - lipid found in membranes, Prostoglandins - local messengerss
Term
Important proteins
Definition
Enzymes - catalists, Keraint - hair and horns of animals, Collagen - connective tissues, Hemoglobin - oxygen transportation, Antiboides - such as T-cells
Term
Characteristics of an enzyme
Definition
Catalysts, reusable, over 200 diff. enz. in humans, specific active site, work according to lock and key model
Term
Coacervate
Definition
Lipid bilayer, formed from ocean foam, grow by getting more subunit lipids from surroundings, can pinch in two, can contain amino acids
Term
Miller/Urey Conditions/Findings
Definition
Set up environment with very little O2 in the atmosphere, had sparks simulate ligtning and raised the temperature to match the conditions of the early Earth. They ended up forming amino acids and rna from raw materials found in the environment they made.
Term
Early Sequence of Life
Definition
3.5 Billion Years Ago - cyanbacteria
2.5 Billion Years Ago - first prokaryotes showed up
1.5 Billion Y. ago - first eukaryotes appear
1 bil ago - multicellular
Term
Ways bacteria changed environment
Definition
Methanogens produced methane, converted CO2 and H2 into methane gas(CH4)
Cyanobacteria - photosynthetic bacteria that produces oxygen, appeared 2 bil Y. ago, increase O2 content from 1% to 21%. This also increased ozone, allowing life forms to form on dry land.
Term
6 Kingdoms of life
Definition
Bacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Term
Types of phosphates/Functions?
Definition
ATP - high enery phosphate, 3 P 1 adenosine
ADP - used ATP converted back into ATP
AMP - used as a chemical energy
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