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AP Biology
Chapter 43
26
Biology
12th Grade
05/03/2011

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Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
whereby a single organism-just one parent-produces offspring
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
meiosis and the formation of gametes typically occur in two prospective parents
Term
yolk
Definition
this thick fluid has an abidance of proteins and lipids that nourish embryonic stages
Term
blastula
Definition
during reproduction the egg goes through stages and the blastula is when a ball of cells forms around the egg
Term
blastomeres
Definition
the blastula's cells
Term
gastrula
Definition
in the fourth stage the cells do not divide, they divide and reorganize into a gastrula. It has 2 or 3 primary tissue layers
Term
ectoderm
Definition
the outermost primary tissue/germ layer
Term
endoderm
Definition
the innermost germ/tissue layer
Term
mesoderm
Definition
forms in between the outer and inner primary tissue layers
Term
somites
Definition
a longitudinal series of paired segments that are the source of most bones, skeletal muscles of the trunk and head, and the most of the overlying dermis
Term
sperm
Definition
consists of paternal DNA and a bit of equipment that helps it reach and penetrate an egg
Term
oocyte
Definition
an immature egg
Term
gray crescent
Definition
establishes the anterior-posterior axis
Term
cytoplasmic localization
Definition
helps seal the developmental fate of each cell lineage
Term
blastocyst
Definition
the type of blastula that forms in mammal-the inner cell mass gives rise to the embryo proper
Term
neural tube
Definition
the forerunner of the brain and spinal cord
Term
selective gene expression
Definition
some cell lineages express different groups of genes then others do
Term
cell differentiation
Definition
cell differentiation makes cell lineages become specialized in composition,, structure, and function
Term
morphogenesis
Definition
tissues and organs of specific proportions, sizes, and shapes form by a program of orderly changed
Term
apoptosis
Definition
signaling molecules from some cells activate tools of self-destruction that are stockpiled in others
Term
embryonic induction
Definition
the developmental fates of embryonic cell lineages change when exposed to signals-gene products-from adjacent tissues
Term
pattern formation
Definition
a sculpting of specialized tissues and organs from clumps of cells in the proper places in the embryo, in the proper order
Term
morphogens
Definition
degradable molecules diffuse out of signaling centers, so their concentration weakens with distance
Term
master genes
Definition
the products of these genes interact with diverse control elements to lay the foundation for the basic body plan
Term
homeotic genes
Definition
interact with control elements to map out the overall body plan
Term
telomeres
Definition
caps of DNA and proteins which chromosomes contain
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