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AP Biology
Chapter 39
29
Biology
12th Grade
05/03/2011

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Term
immunity
Definition
The body's capacity to resist and combat infections that began when multicelled eukaryotic species evolved from free-living cells.
Term
antigen
Definition
Any molecule of the body that recognizes as nonself and that provokes an immune response
Term
complement
Definition
A set of about thirty proteins that circulate in the blood and destroy microbes outright or tag them for engulfment by phagocytes
Term
innate immunity
Definition
Fast response to a fixed set of nonself cues
Term
cytokines
Definition
Signaling molecules
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
Specialized class of white blood cells
Term
adaptive immunity
Definition
Signals and cells creating defenses to specific threats
Term
neutrophils
Definition
most abundant of the circulating white blood cells; fast-acting phagocytes
Term
macrophages
Definition
Slower than neutrophils, but can eat more bacterial cells. Mature forms of phagocytic monocytes.
Term
dendritic cells
Definition
alert the immune system to the presence of antigens
Term
basophils
Definition
Circulates in the blood and releases enzymes and cytokines in response to antigen or injury
Term
mast cells
Definition
Found in tissues and release enzymes and cytokines in response to antigen or injury
Term
eosinophils
Definition
secret enzymes and toxic proteins that are good at punching holes in larvae of parasitic worms.
Term
natural killer cells
Definition
directly kill body cells that are infected, stressed, or mutated.
Term
lysozyme
Definition
Cleaves peptidoglycans in bacterial cell walls and disrupts their structure
Term
acute inflammation
Definition
swift respons to tissue irritation or tissue damage (redness, warmth, swelling, pain, etc.)
Term
histamine
Definition
Makes arterioles in tissue dilate, increasing blood flow to threatened tissue to hasten arrival of phagocytes.
Term
fever
Definition
rise in body temperature avbove the normal set point on a built-in thermostat in the hypothalamus. Brought on by macrophages as an innate immune response
Term
MHC markers
Definition
Proteins encoded by genes that allow self-recognition of your own cells.
Term
TCRs
Definition
class of antigen receptors at the surface of T-cells
Term
antibody-mediated immune response
Definition
Phagocytes and B-cells intercepting bacteria, fungi, or toxins in blood or interstitial fluid
Term
cell-mediated immune response
Definition
Immune response without antigens that attacks intracellular viruses, bacteria, fungi, and apicomplexans.
Term
antibodies
Definition
proteins synthesized by B-cells that encounter and bind antigen
Term
immunoglobulins (Igs)
Definition
Structural classes of antibodies that circulate alone or as clumps in blood after B-cells secret them
Term
immunization
Definition
processes that may promote immunity
Term
vaccine
Definition
Antigen administered orally or injected in the body for active immunization to elicit a primary immune response.
Term
allergen
Definition
Any substance that is ordinarily harmless yet provokes immune responses
Term
allergy
Definition
hypersensitivy to harmless proteins (drugs, foods, pollen, dust mites, fungal spores, etc.)
Term
autoimmune response
Definition
misdirected attack against one's own tissues
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