Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP biology
chapter 10 meiosis and sexual reproduction
31
Biology
12th Grade
04/29/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
all offspring inherit the same number and kinds of genes from a single parent
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
a process involving meiosis, formation of gametes, and fertilization.
Term
chromosome number
Definition
the sum total of chromosomes in cells of a given type
Term
diploid number
Definition
the cell has a pair of each type of chromosome, often from the two parents
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
each pair has the same length, shape, and assortment of genes and they line up with each other at meiosis
Term
haploid number
Definition
meiosis reduced the parental chromosome number by half
Term
prophase 1
Definition
chromosomes become visible as threadlike forms. each pairs with its homologue and usually swaps segments with it.
Term
metaphase 1
Definition
microtubules from one spindle pole have tethered one of each type of chromosome; microtubules from the other pole have tethered its homologue.
Term
anaphase 1
Definition
microtubules attached to each chromosome shorten and move it toward a spindle pole. other microtubules ratchet past each other and push the two poles farther apart.
Term
telophase 1
Definition
one of each type of chromosome has now arrived at the spindle poles. the cytoplasm divides, forming two haploid cells. all chromosomes are still duplicated.
Term
prophase 2
Definition
a new bipolar spindle forms in each haploid cell. microtubules have moved one member of the pair of centrioles to the opposite end of each cell.
Term
metaphase 2
Definition
microtubules from both spindle poles have assembled and disassembled in a tug-of-war that ended at metaphase 2, when all chromosomes are posititoned midway between the poles
Term
anaphase 2
Definition
the attachment between sister chromatids of each chromosome breaks. each is now a separate chromosome but is still tethered to microtubules. a parcel of unduplicated chromosomes ends up near each pole which each type of chromosome is present.
Term
telophase 2
Definition
four nuclei form as a new neuclear envelope encloses each cluster of chromosomes. after cytoplasmic division, each of the resulting daughter cells has a haploid number of chromosomes
Term
crossing over
Definition
a molecular interaction between a chromatid of one chromosome and a chromatid of the homologous partner
Term
spore
Definition
a haploid reproductive cell that is not a gamete and does not take part in fertilization
Term
sperm
Definition
type of mature male gamate
Term
egg
Definition
a female gamete ovum
Term
fertilization
Definition
a time when a female and male gamete unite and their haploid nuclei fuse
Term
chlamydomonas
Definition
a single-celled alga of freshwater habitats. their cells reproduce asexually by mitotic cell division
Term
clones
Definition
genetically identical copies of the parent
Term
sister chromatids
Definition
the other chromatid when attached
Term
maternal chromosomes
Definition
23 chromosomes inherited from your mother
Term
paternal chromosomes
Definition
23 chromosomes inherited from your father
Term
sporophyte
Definition
multicelled spore-producing body that makes sexual spores by way of meiosis
Term
gametophyte
Definition
at some point the spore undergoes mitotic cell divisions that give rise to them
Term
giardia intestinalis
Definition
descendent of one of the earliest eukaryotic lineages which doesn't have a mitochondria and it doesn't form a bipolar spindle during mitosis. this single-celled parasite has never been observed to reproduce sexually, yet it has gene products that serve in meiosis in higher eukaryotes
Term
prophase (mitosis)
Definition
chromosomes duplicated earlier in diploid body cell, in interphase. they condense. a spindle forms; chromosomes tethered to its poles
Term
metaphase (mitosis)
Definition
all chromosomes aligned at the spindle equator
Term
anaphase (mitosis)
Definition
sister chromatids of each chromosome moved to opposite spindle poles
Term
telophase (mitosis)
Definition
two diploid nuclei form. after cytoplasmic division, two diploid body cells.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!