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AP Biology
Human Reproduction and Development
29
Biology
12th Grade
04/27/2011

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Term
puberty
Definition
the stage of postnatal development where sperm production and the emergence of secondary sexual traits start to form
Term
testosterone
Definition
a steroid hormone; governs the structure and function of the male reproductive tract as well as the formation of sperm
Term
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FHS)/Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Definition
made and secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; effects ovaries; found in both males and females
Term
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Definition
secreted/ controlled by the hypothalamus when blood levels of testosterone and other factors are low; this hormone allows the step up of secretion in LH and FSH
Term
ovaries
Definition
gonads that produce oocytes (immature eggs) and secretes sex hormones on a cyclic basis to one of a pair of Fallopian tubes
Term
ovaries
Definition
gonads that produce oocytes (immature eggs) and secretes sex hormones on a cyclic basis to one of a pair of Fallopian tubes
Term
uterus
Definition
a hollow, pear-shaped organ; made up from a smooth muscle called myometrium; the site for fertilization
Term
endometrium
Definition
consists of connective tissues, blood vessels, and glands; the uterine lining
Term
menstrual cycle
Definition
the ceasing of fertilization on a cyclic basis; the oocyte matures inside an ovary and is released from it, and the endometrium is primed for pregnancy. When fertilization does not occur, blood and bits of the uterine lining flow from the vagina.
Term
ovulation
Definition
the ovary releases an oocyte
Term
corpus luteum
Definition
glandular structure; forms in an ovary; its hormonal secretions cause the endometrium to thicken in preparation for pregnancy.
Term
secondary oocyte
Definition
one of the two haploid daughter cells; receives most of the cytoplasm
Term
polar bodies
Definition
cell that is formed by way of meiosis; degenerates later in the cycle
Term
estrogen
Definition
sex hormone; help reproductive organs form in female embryos; maintain secondary sexual traits
Term
progesterone
Definition
stimulates oocytes to mature and prime the endometrium for pregnancy
Term
ovum
Definition
one mature egg
Term
fetus
Definition
when the embryonic period ends, this is the new individual
Term
implantation
Definition
the process of which the blasocysts adheres to the uterine lining
Term
amnion
Definition
a membrane that will enclose the embryo
Term
yolk sac
Definition
the inner wall/lining of the blasocyst
Term
allantois
Definition
the fourth extraembryonic membrane after the yolk sac stage
Term
chorion
Definition
the lining of the cavity; the third membrane that balloons into maternal tissue
Term
somites
Definition
embryonic sources of most bones, skeletal muscles of the head and trunk, and the dermis.
Term
placenta
Definition
blood-engorged organ composed of the uterine lining and extraembryonic membranes
Term
oxytocin
Definition
hormone that causes smooth muscle inside the uterine wall to contract during labor
Term
positive feedback cycle
Definition
the stretching causes oxytocin secretion, which causes more stretching until the fetus is expelled
Term
cortisol
Definition
hormone that helps the mother-to-be cope with the extraordinary physical and emotional strains of pregnancy and labor
Term
lactation
Definition
milk production that occurs in the mammary glands in a mother's breasts
Term
prolactin
Definition
a hormone that calls for synthesis of enzymes used in milk production; secreted by the mother's anterior pituitary
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