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AP Biology - Plants
Plant Vocabulary
79
Biology
12th Grade
05/24/2012

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Term
Root system
Definition
Anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals and water, store food
Term
Shoot system
Definition
Aboveground part consisting of stems, leaves, and possibly flowers
Term
Fibrous roots
Definition
A thin mat of spread-out roots
Term
Taproot
Definition
One large vertical root
Term
Root hairs
Definition
Near tips of roots, increase surface area
Term
Stems
Definition
Holds aboveground vascular system and supports leaves and flowers
Term
Nodes
Definition
Points where leaves are attached
Term
Internodes
Definition
Stem segments between leaves
Term
Axillary bud
Definition
Forms branches in between each leaf and stem
Term
Terminal bud
Definition
Bud at tip of young shoots where growth is very concentrated
Term
Apical dominance
Definition
Terminal buds inhibit the growth of axillary buds
Term
Leaves
Definition
Main photosynthetic organs of plants
Term
Blade
Definition
Flattened part of leaf
Term
Petiole
Definition
Stalk that joins leaf to a node on the stem
Term
Simple leaves
Definition
One undivided blade
Term
Compound leaves
Definition
Blade of leaf is divided into several leaflets
Term
Dermal tissue
Definition
(epidermis) A single top layer of cells that acts like the "skin" on plants
Term
Vascular tissue
Definition
Involved in the transport of materials throughout the plant. Includes xylem and phloem
Term
Xylem
Definition
Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards into the plant from the roots
Term
Phloem
Definition
Transports food from leaves to rest of plant
Term
Sieve plates
Definition
Facilitate movement of fluid from cell to cell
Term
Parenchyma
Definition
Primary walls are thin and felxible, have no secondary walls, and has a large central vacuole (typical plant cells).
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
Openings in cell walls that allow movement of materials between plant cells
Term
Collenchyma
Definition
Primary walls are of uneven thickness, provide support without inhibiting growth
Term
Sclerenchyma
Definition
Dead at functional maturity, have lignin for support of plant, very rigid
Term
Meristems
Definition
Embryonic tissue in plants capable of indeterminate growth
Term
Apical meristems
Definition
For primary growth (lengthening) at tips of roots and shoots
Term
Lateral meristems
Definition
Dividing cells along the plant that grow outward (secondary growth)
Term
Root cap
Definition
Protects root meristems
Term
Vascular bundle
Definition
Vasular tissues that run along length of stems
Term
Protoderm
Definition
Gives rise to the epidermal layer
Term
Procambium
Definition
Gives rise to vascular tissue
Term
Ground meristem
Definition
Gives rise to ground tissue whcih stores food and absorb minerals from the soil
Term
Stomata
Definition
Where gas exchage takes place
Term
Guard cells
Definition
Open and close stomata
Term
Vascular cambium
Definition
Produces secondary xylem and phloem
Term
Cork cambium
Definition
Produces thick covering to replace epidermis
Term
Flaccid
Definition
A plant cell when it is not firm
Term
Plasmolyze
Definition
When a plant cell shrinks and pulls away from its wall
Term
Turgor Pressure
Definition
When a cell pushes against the cell wall
Term
Tonoplast
Definition
Membrane that surrounds central vacuole and regulates movement between cytoplasm and vacuole
Term
Mycorrhizae
Definition
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and rots of plants
Term
Casparian strip
Definition
Waxy material in endodermic cells that is impervious to waterand dissolved minerals
Term
Root pressure
Definition
Upward push of xylem sap
Term
Transpiraton
Definition
Loss of water through stomata
Term
Translocation
Definition
Transport of food through the plant
Term
Essential nutrients
Definition
Required for function of plant
Term
Macronutrients
Definition
Needed in large amounts
Term
Micronutrients
Definition
Needed in trace amounts
Term
Minerals
Definition
Inorganic nutrients
Term
Topsoil
Definition
Mixture of soil in the A horizon made of rock, living organisms and humus
Term
Humus
Definition
Partially decayed organic material
Term
Horizons
Definition
Soil layers
Term
Phytoremediation
Definition
Plants extract toxins from soil
Term
Nitrogen fixation
Definition
Conversion of N2 to NH3
Term
Nodules
Definition
Root swellings containing nitrogen fixing bacteria
Term
Petals
Definition
Attract pollinators to flowers
Term
Receptacle
Definition
Site of flower attachment
Term
Stamen
Definition
Male reproductive organ
Term
Anther
Definition
Produces pollen
Term
Carpel
Definition
Female reproductive organ
Term
Stigma
Definition
Landing area for pollen
Term
Bisexual flower
Definition
Has both stamens and carpels
Term
Unisexual flower
Definition
Has only one of either stamens or carpels
Term
Self Incompatibility
Definition
Plant rejects its own pollen
Term
Double fertilization
Definition
Union of two sperm cells with different nuclei in the embryo sac
Term
Radicle
Definition
Embryonic root
Term
Vegetative reproduction
Definition
Asexual reproduction
Term
Apomixis
Definition
Asexual production of seeds
Term
Hormones
Definition
Chemical messengers
Term
Auxin
Definition
Stem elongation
Term
Cytokinins
Definition
Cell division and growth
Term
Gibberellins
Definition
Cell elongation
Term
Abscisic Acid
Definition
Dormancy
Term
Ethylene
Definition
Fruit ripening
Term
Gravitropism
Definition
Plant response to gravity
Term
Thigmotropism
Definition
Plant response to pressure
Term
Phototropism
Definition
Plant response to light
Term
Tropism
Definition
Plant responseto external stimuli
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