Details Title: AP Biology - Plants Description: Flash cards for Advance Placement (College Credit) Biology Total Flash Cards: 40 Created: 02/26/2008 05:35:49		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Plant Sciences Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term adventitious Definition a term describing any plant organ that grows in an atypical location, such as roots growing from stems. prop roots growing from a corn stalk Term Abscises acid (ABA) Definition a plant hormone that slows down growth, often antagonizing actions of growth hormones. two of its many effects are to promote seed dormancy and facilitate drought tolerance Term Alternation of generations Definition A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants. Term Angiosperm Definition A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. The ovary often develops into the fruit. Term Antheridium: Definition In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop. Term Annual Definition A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or growing season. Term Anther Definition In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains with male gametes form. Term Apical dominance: Definition Concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot, where a terminal bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth. Driven by competition for light. Term Apical meristem: Definition Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length. Term Archegonium: (plural, archegonia) Definition In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop. Term Auxin Definition A term that primarily refers to indoleacetic acid (IAA), a natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects, including cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth. Term Axillary bud: Definition A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem. Term Biennial Definition A flowering plant that requires two years to complete its life cycle. Term Blade Definition The flattened portion of a typical leaf. Term Carpel Definition The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. Term Casparian strip: Definition A water-impermeable ring of wax in the endodermal cells of plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the stele by way of cell walls. Term Collenchyma cell Definition A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restraining growth. Term Complete flower Definition A flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Term Companion cell: Definition A type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve-tube member by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sievetube members. Term Conifer Definition A gymnosperm whose reproductive structure is the cone. Conifers include pines, firs, redwoods, and cypress. Term Cotyledon Definition A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two. Term Cytokinins Definition A class of related plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominance. Term Deciduous Definition Drop all of their leaves, either in response to seasonal changes or water availability. Term Dicots Definition A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade (see eudicots). Term Dioecious: Definition A term typically used to describe an angiosperm species in which carpellate and staminate flowers are on separate plants. Term Division Definition A taxa that is analogous to Phylum in the Animal Kingdom. Term Domain Definition A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya Term Dormancy Definition A condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development. Term Double fertilization: Definition A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm. Term Endemic species Definition Species that are confined to a specific, relatively small geographic area. Typical become endangered as a result of habitat destruction. Term Endosperm Definition A nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds. (3n) Term Epicotyl Definition In an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis above the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s). Term Epiphyte Definition A plant that nourishes itself but grows on the surface of another plant for support, usually on the branches or trunks of tropical trees. Term Ethylene Definition The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening. Term Evergreen Definition retain some of their leaves for most of the year, include most conifers. Term Fibrous root system: Definition A root system common to monocots consisting of a mat of thin roots spreading out below the soil surface. Term Flower Definition In an angiosperm, a short stem with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction. Term Fruit Definition A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal. Term Gametangia Definition (singular, gametangium) Multicellular plant structures in which gametes are formed. Female gametangia are called archegonia, and male gametangia are called antheridia. Term Gamete Definition A haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.