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AP Biology 40.3
Homeostatic processes for thermoregulation involve form, function, and behavior
18
Biology
12th Grade
01/14/2012

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Term
thermoregulation
Definition
The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range.
Term
endothermic
Definition
Referring to organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment.
Term
ectothermic
Definition
Referring to organisms for which external sources provide most of the heat for temperature regulation.
Term
poikilotherm
Definition
An animal whose body temperature varies with its environment.
Term
homeotherm
Definition
An animal who has a relatively constant body temperature.
Term
radiation
Definition
The emission of electromagnetic waves by all objects warmer than absolute zero.
Term
evaporation
Definition
The process by which a liquid changes to a gas.
Term
conduction
Definition
The direct transfer of thermal motion (heat) between molecules of objects in direct contact with each other.
Term
convection
Definition
The mass movement of warmed air or liquid to or from the surface of a body or object.
Term
integumentary system
Definition
The outer covering of a mammal's body, including skin, hair, and nails.
Term
vasodilation
Definition
An increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels, increasing blood flow in the skin.
Term
vasoconstriction
Definition
A decrease in the diameter of superficial blood vessels, reducing blood flow and heat transfer.
Term
countercurrent exchange
Definition
The exchange of a substance or heat between two fluids flowing in opposite directions. For example, blood in a fish gill flows in the opposite direction of water passing over a gill, maximizing diffusion of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
Term
countercurrent heat exchanger
Definition
An antiparallel arrangement of blood vessels.
Term
thermogenesis
Definition
Heat production, increased by such muscle activity as moving or shivering.
Term
nonshivering thermogenesis
Definition
When certain hormones cause mitochondria to increase their metabolic activity and produce heat instead of ATP.
Term
brown fat
Definition
A tissue that some mammals have in the neck and between the shoulders that is specialized for rapid heat production.
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
The ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors that regulate the anterior pituitary.
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